Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PANCE > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

apgar score assessed when?

A

1, 5, 10 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

more complex assessment of activity, position, and tone; used to evaluate for neuromuscular and physical maturity; estimates gestation age

A

New Ballard Score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

causes of this include maternal drug use, chromosomal abnormalities, exposure to intrauterine viral infection, multiple gestation, AMA, placental insufficiency, lack of maternal weight gain

A

causes of being small for gestation age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MC cause of infant being large for gestational age

A

maternal diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

common for 3 to 5 days after birth, small pustules on erythematous bases

A

erythema toxicum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

blockage of eccrine sweat glands, flushed macular appearance involving neck, face, scalp, diaper area

A

miliaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

light clothing/decreased humidity for ‘prickly heat’ or ‘heat rash’ phenomenon

A

miliaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

common in dark-skinned infants, small to large blue/black macules

A

mongolian spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

secondary to areas of surface capillary dilation frequently found on eyelids, nape of neck, and forehead; aka stork bite

A

nevus simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vernix caseosa (greasy covering) and lanugo more abundant in ? infants

A

preterm infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dry, cracked, and peeling skin more likely in ? infants

A

postterm infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

premature fusion of one or more sutures

A

craniosynostosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fontanelles

  • closes at 10-26 mo ?
  • closes around 1-3 mo ?
  • -3rd fontanelle along sagittal suture may be associated with ?
A
  • anterior fontanelle
  • posterior fontanelle
  • trisomy 21
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fluid accumulation under scalp secondary to birth trauma

A

caput succedaneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hemorrhage beneath scalp; uncommon but may result in enough blood loss to cause hemorrhagic shock

A

subgaleal hemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

posteriorly rotated or low set ears - suspicion of ?

A

congenital anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

congenital cataracts, glaucoma, or retinoblastoma- finding?

A

absent red reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gray or pale yellow spots at periphery of iris aka ? associated with ?

A

Brushfield spots, Down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

strabismus does not represent pathology unless persists past ?

A

4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

presents w/ unilateral or bilateral obstruction, confirmed with axial CT, present with respiratory distress bc infants are obligate nasal breathers

A

choanal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

small pearly nodules along midline of hard palate, benign retention cysts

A

Epstein pearls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

small mandible and tongue, clefted soft palate, respiratory difficulties (place in prone position)

A

Pierre-Robin syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

large tongues that often seem larger than the mouth

A

trisomy 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

thyromegaly in infant associated with ?

A

congenital hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

masses

  • anterior to sternocleidomastoid:
  • posterior to sternocleidomastoid:
  • w/in sternocleidomastoid:
A

brachial cleft
cystic hygroma
torticollis, hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

aspiration, congenital pneumonia, and transient tachypnea are MC causes of ?

A

infant respiratory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cyanosis, CHF, and diminished peripheral pulses are MC serious presentations of?

A

heart dz in infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

infant- prune belly or absence of abdominal musculature may be associated with ?

A

renal anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

infant-severely scaphoid belly plus respiratory distress suggest ?

A

diaphragmatic hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

infant- pits, birthmarks, or tufts of hair in gluteal cleft may rep underlying ? or ?

A

NT defects, spina bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

delayed stool >24h after birth may indicate ?

A

Hirschsprung dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

male genitalia

  • more common, urethra proximal + ventral
  • urethra dorsal
A

hypospadias

epispadias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

testes usually descend in ? month of life

A

3rd month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

undescended testes = risk for ? and ?

A

testicular cancer, infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

inguinal hernia more common in ? infants

A

premature male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

helpful in differentiation of hernia and hydrocele

A

transillumination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

collection of fluid in scrotum due to latency of process vaginalis; may be associated with hernia

A

hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

infants- female genitalia

  • vaginal leucorrhea or bloody discharge, edematous labia from?
  • vaginal adhesions aka ?&raquo_space; tx with ?
A
  • maternal estrogens

- fused introitus, estrogen or beclomethasone cream for 5-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

developmental hip dislocation

  • attempts to dislocate hip via posterior pressure; fully adduct hips
  • identify hips that are dislocated or subluxed; fully abduct hips and feel for spasm or clunk
  • positive of either require?
A
  • Barlow maneuver (femoral head felt to dislocate or leave acetabulum = positive)
  • Ortolani maneuver
  • bilateral u/s of hips
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

skin tags at lateral borders of hands and feet?

A

polydactyly (rudimentary digits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

fixed severe eversion of plantar surface?

A

club foot (talipes equinovarus)- ortho referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

stroking the face elicits turning of head towards stimulus

A

rooting reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

allow infants head to drop 1 to 2 cm, observe for abduction at shoulder and elbows, spreading and extending of fingers; followed by adduction and flexion of same? disappears?

A

moro reflex; at 3-4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

palmar/plantar grasp disappears by ?

A

4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

pull infant by arms to sitting position, observe head lag initially, finally coming briefly to midline before falling forward

A

traction response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

infant dangled above bed, allowing toe to have minimal contact; response of extremity w/ flexion or stepping response

A

placing reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

clonus may be noted; babinski (up going plantar) normal until

A

2 yrs old

48
Q

hypogly (less than 40-45 mg/dL) mc in ?

A

diabetic mothers, IUGR

49
Q

at 3 hours of age normal glucose?

A

50-80 mg/dL

50
Q

tx for infant hypogly

A

bolus of dextrose & water and IV glucose prn

51
Q

MCC of unconjugated hyperbilirubinema w/ normal reticulocytes? genetic?

A

physiologic jaundice; Gilbert or Crigler-Najjar syndrome

52
Q

results from toxic bilirubin levels of greater than 20 to 25 and is associated with encephalopathy

A

kernicterus

53
Q

alpha- antitrypsin def, hypothy, CF, and RBC abn are causes of ?

A

conjugated hyperbili

54
Q

? benefits all types of jaundice; ? not recommended for severe but known to lower bill levels

A

phototherapy, sunlight

55
Q

resp distress in newborn- greater than?

A

RR of 60 bpm

56
Q

cyanosis resolving w/ supplement oxygen supports pulm or NONcv cause- aka?

A

hyperoxia challenge

57
Q

MC neurodevelopment d/o? most severe?

A

ADHD; MR

58
Q

MC speech/language delay?

A

conductive hearing loss secondary to chronic middle ear effusion

59
Q

MR- IQ of less than ?; abnormal muscle tone seen at ?; motor delay apparent by?

A

70; 6 months; 1 year

60
Q

spina bifida:

  • neural tube defect involves overlying skin?
  • hairy tufts, dimples, or dermal sinus noted in lumbosacral region
A

aperta

occulta

61
Q

risk factors for spin bifida?

A

def of FA or use of valproate in mom

62
Q

commonality in metabolic d/o, ambiguous genitalia, RB, wilm’s tumor

A

chromosomal abnormalities

63
Q

initial eval for suspicion of chrom abn?

A

karyotype, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

64
Q

inborn errors of metabolism

  • virilized female, male w/ ambiguous genitalia
  • n/v jaundice, liver enlargement, MR, cataracts, death
A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

galactosemia

65
Q

single transverse palmar crease aka? seen in ?

A

simian crease, trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

66
Q

? in eyes of down syndrome

A

brushfield spots

67
Q

MC congenital heart disease in down syndrome?

A

atrioventricular septal defects

68
Q

tall thin and long-limbed, obese in adult years, scoliosis, ataxia, expressive lang d/o?; males? females?

A

klinefelter syn- XXY

  • males: small penis, hypogonadism, minimal pubic/facial hair, gynecomastic
  • females: eunuchoid habitus
69
Q

prominent ears, low posterior hairline, broad chest, congenital lymphedema, webbed neck hearing impairment

A

turner syndrome (XO)

70
Q

turner syndrome- associated heart dz? kidney?

A

coarctation of the aorta, horseshoe kidney

71
Q

pale blue irides, long narrowed facies, large protruding ears, large testes, protruding jaw, flat feet, hyper extensible fingers, MVP, learning disabilities or MR

A

fragile X syndrome

72
Q

large for GA infant, hypoglycemia during infancy, creases & pits in earlobes, asymmetric limbs, organomegaly, large tongue

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (chromosome 11p15)

73
Q

small for GA infants, hypogonadism, almond shaped eyes, diabetes and pickwickian syndrome common complications

A

Prader-Willi syndrome (15q11)

74
Q

severe MR, paroxysmal laughter, tongue thrusting, prognathism, seizures, abnormal gait and posturing

A

angel syndrome (chromosome 15)

75
Q

death in Ehler Danlos syn often from ?

A

ruptured aneurysm

76
Q

high arched palate, myopia, aortic insufficiency, spontaneous PTX

A

marfan syndrome

77
Q

microcephaly, long and smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures, small distal phalanges

A

FAS

78
Q

auto dom, involves type 1 collagen, bone fragility an pathologic fractures, blue tinted sclera

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

79
Q

define failure to thrive

A

child s weight crosses two major percentiles downward

80
Q

hereditary, apparent before 2, deceleration in height? bone age?

A

familial short stature, EQUALS chronological age

81
Q

aka ‘late bloomer’ may have FH, bone age BEHIND chronological

A

constitutional growth delay

82
Q

idiopathic, congenital empty sella syndrome or acquired craniopharyngioma are causes of ?

A

GH deficiency

83
Q

dwarfism that results from a mutation in GH receptor

A

Laron syndrome

84
Q

truncal obesity may be present in GH def bc GH promotes ?

A

lipolysis

85
Q

protein def seen in CF, most severe form?

A

kwashiorkor

86
Q

severe form of malnutrition from multiple dietary def including lack of carbs

A

marasmus

87
Q

element contained in most public water sources, def may have discolored teeth

A

fluoride def

88
Q

ideal source of infant nutrition

A

breast milk

89
Q

typical infant diet:

  • ? until 6 mo
  • ? at 4 mo
  • ? at 5 mo
  • ? at 6 mo
  • ? in the following months
A
  • breast milk or formula
  • cereals
  • fruit
  • vegetables
  • complex proteins
90
Q

cow’s milk with low fat content initiated no earlier than ?

A

1 year old

91
Q

premature infants vaccinated same as term infants except for ?

A

hepatitis B vaccine- recommended for preemies 2 kg or more

92
Q

avoid hep B vaccine w/ ? allergy

A

baker’s yeast

93
Q

avoid varicella vaccine w/ ? allergy

A

varicella

94
Q

common preservatives in MMR and IPV?

A

neomycin, streptomycin

95
Q

chronic seizure d/o CI to ?

A

Tdap, Dtap

96
Q

primary source of lead exposure in US?;

screening at ?; treat levels at ? w/ chelation; ? results in severe damage i.e. severe health probs, seizure, coma

A

lead-based paint
1-2 y.o.
>45 ug/dL
>70 ug/dL

97
Q

PNS acting overdose/toxicity

  • ? cause warm, dry skin
  • ? produce salivation and urination
A

ANTIcholinergics

organic phosphates

98
Q

abdominal radiographs not helpful- very few are radio dense i.e. ?

A

heavy metals, iodine, enteric-coated tablets

99
Q

in toxicity/poisoning, ? may accelerate elimination

A

cathartics i.e. sorbitol

100
Q

? obstruction = abrupt onset of cough, stridor, choking, and cyanosis; complete leads to inability to cough or choke

A

upper airway obstruction

101
Q

? obstruction causes acute to subacute cough, unilateral persistent wheezing, recurrent pneumonia; complete may cause a ball-valve effect, which is ?

A

lower airway obstruction; distal hyperinflation, mediastinal shift

102
Q

? recommended for caustic (i.e. batteries), sharp, or lodged objects

A

esophagogastroscopy

103
Q

MC innocent murmur of childhood

A

Still’s murmur; 2yo-preadolscence, loudest in apex and left sternal border, musical or vibratory, accentuate with fever

104
Q

left and right infraclavicular murmur, usually louder on right? usually appears? best heard?

A

venous hum, after 2 y.o., with child sitting (diminishes w/ turning of head, jugular compression, or supine position)

105
Q

typically found in older children and adolescents, grade 2 or 3 harsh, systolic ejection murmur

A

innominate or carotid bruits

106
Q

common innocent murmur of older children, appears around 3, continues thru adolescence, localized to upper left sternal border, louder with pt supine

A

pulmonary ejection murmur

107
Q

acute onset of fever and posterior pharyngeal vesicles (grayish white that form ulcers with erythematous halos)

A

herpangina; dysphagia, fever, vomiting, and anorexia may occur

108
Q

hand-foot mouth dz- red papules or vesicles on tongue, oral mucosa, hands, feet, and ?

A

buttocks

109
Q

mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome aka?

A

kawasaki dz

110
Q

redness and swelling of hands and feet with subsequent desquamation, fever > 5days, strawberry tongue, conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy?

A

kawasaki dz

111
Q

cardiac manifest of kawasaki dz? tx?

A

coronary arteritis and aneurysm; IV immunoglobulin and aspirin

112
Q

pruritis, prodrome = fever and resp sx, dew drop on rose petal

A

varicella

113
Q

lacy pink macular rash on torso

A

parvovirus B19/slapped cheek/fifth dz/erythema infectiosum

114
Q

HHV 6 or 7; fever resolves BEFORE rash

A

roseola (exanthem subitum)

115
Q

fever, cough, anorexia, coryza, maculopapular face to EXTREMITIES rash, Koplik spots in mouth

A

measles (Rubeola)

116
Q

maculopapular rash from HEAD to TOE, teratogenic

A

Rubella (German measles)

PANCE (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions