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Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

normal range of body temp

A

97-99.5

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2
Q

irreversible brain damage at this temp

A

106.8

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3
Q

FUO is defined as?

A

temp greater than 101.8 for 3 weeks with no discernible cause

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4
Q

reservoirs of group A B-hemolytic streptococci?

A

only humans

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5
Q

pharyngitis treatment

A

usually self-limted w/i 3/4 days

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6
Q

strept throat, sandpaper rash

A

scarlet fever

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7
Q

sunburn with goose bumps

A

scarlet fever

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8
Q

rash w/ strawberry tongue, rash fades in 2-5 days, fine desquammation

A

scarlet fever

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9
Q

painful macular rash, on face most often, fiery red

A

erysipelas

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10
Q

MC organism for impetigo

A

streptococcus pyoderma

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11
Q

impetigo may also be cause by ?&raquo_space; bullous impetigo

A

staphylococcus

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12
Q

MCC of cellulitis in US

A

group A streptococci

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13
Q

deep sQ infx that results in destruction of fascia and fat

A

necrotizing fasciitis

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14
Q

bacteremia w/ susceptible strains of streptococci following deep soft tissue infx

A

toxic shock syndrome

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15
Q

systemic immune process 15-20 days after exposure to streptococcal pharyngitis

A

acute rheumatic fever

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16
Q

strep- allergy to PCN- treat with?

A

macrolide

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17
Q

initial Sx in botulism

A

visual changes i.e. diplopia, loss of accommodation

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18
Q

spore forming gram positive aerobic rod in sheep, cattle, horses, goats, and swine? transmission?

A

bacillus anthracis; broken skin/mucous membranes/inhalation

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19
Q

organisms with skin lesions that yield box-shaped rods in chains

A

Bacillus anthracis

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20
Q

TOC for anthrax

A

cipro or other FQ

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21
Q

toxin that activates adenylyl cyclase in intestinal epithelial cells of small intestine- hyper secretion of water and Cl

A

Vibrio cholerae

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22
Q

diarrhea - gray, turbid, and W/O odor, blood, or pus

A

vibrio cholerae; rice-water stool

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23
Q

neurotoxin interferes w/ NT at spinal synapses of inhibitory neurons- uncontrolled spasm and exaggerated reflexes

A

tetanus

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24
Q

tetanus toxoid (Ig) w/ vaccine for ?

A

major wounds, uncertain tetanus status

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25
Q

pea soup diarrhea

A

salmonellosis; self lmtd/supportive tx

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26
Q

diarrhea, lower and cramps, tenesmus, fever, chills, stools loose with blood and mucus? tx?

A

shigellosis; TMP-SMX or cipro/FQ

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27
Q

MC form is pharyngeal infection; tenacious gray membrane covers tonsils and pharynx

A

Diphtheria (Cornybacterium diphtheriae)

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28
Q

diphtheria:

  • ? given to all cases
  • a/b?
  • contacts treated with ?
A

horse serum antitoxin
erythro, pcn
erythro

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29
Q

gram neg PLEOmorphic bacillus; humans are the only reservoir

A

pertussis

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30
Q

pertussis

  • highest incidence in?
  • three stages?
  • TOC?
A

preemies, cardiac/pulm/NM d/o

catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent

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31
Q

human herpes virus 4

A

epstein-barr virus

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32
Q

EBV

  • false positive test?
  • ? a/b appear w/in four weeks
  • ? lymphocytes
A

VDRL, RPR
heterophile
atypical

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33
Q

nonenveloped icosahedral virions

A

HPV

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34
Q

HPV

  • laryngeal warts from serotype?
  • anogenital warts from serotypes?
A

11

6, 11

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35
Q

HPV

  • hyperplastic prickle cells with excess keratin
  • koilocytotic or vacuolated squamous epithelial cells
A

skin warts

cervical warts

36
Q

HSV lies latent in ?

HSV1 predilection for ? HSV2?

A

dorsal root ganglia

trigeminal nerve, sacral root ganglia

37
Q

recurrence of HSV lesions is heralded by ? or ?

A

burning, stinging

38
Q

HSV:
grouped vesicles on fingers
cutaneous infx in wrestlers
dendritic corneal ulcers- may lead to blindness

A

herpetic whitlow
herpes gladiatorum
keratoconjunctivitis

39
Q

fatty liver with encephalopathy, may develop 2-3w after influenza

A

Reye syndrome

40
Q

cause of most influenza fatalities

41
Q

varicella virus is especially contagious when?

A

the day before the rash appears

42
Q

zoster = reactivation of varicella that has been dormant in ?

A

ganglionic satellite cells

43
Q

zoster- trigeminal eruptions that include tip of nose i.e. ? risk corneal involvement

A

Hutchinson sign

44
Q

zoster vaccine CI in allergies to ? or ?, IC, preggo, or untreated ?

A

neomycin, gelatin; tuberculosis

45
Q

? and ? do not transmit rabies

A

rodents, lagomorphs

46
Q

rabies- painful spasms from drinking water?

A

hydrophobia

47
Q

muscle spasm, extreme excitability, bizarre behavior, convulsions, paralysis, thick/tenacious saliva

48
Q

rabies

  • postexposure immunization?
  • exposed but already immunized?
  • preexposure vaccination?
A
  • rabies Ig given IM and human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) 5 times given IM
  • HDCV two times
  • HDCV three times
49
Q

highest prevalence of AIDS?

A

central and east sub-saharan Africa

50
Q

HIV attaches to ? antigen

? serve as a reservoir of virus and promote dissemination to other organs

A

T4

macrophages

51
Q

HIV time from infection to symptomatic dz averages ?

52
Q

HIV: fever, malaise, weight loss, ?» increased metabolic rate and decreased protein synthesis

A

wasting syndrome

53
Q

AIDS is defined by ?

as ? decreases, viral load increases

A

CD4 count below 200

CD4 count

54
Q

HIV infection confirmation?

A

two ELISA tests confirmed by Western blot

55
Q

human herpes virus type 5, common in IC, HIV, post transplant pts

A

Cytomegalovirus

56
Q

periventricular CNS calcifications

57
Q

retinitis- neovascularization and proliferation looks like ?

tissue bx of intracytoplasmic inclusions ?

A

pizza pie

owl’s eyes

58
Q

very low WBC, increase in ALP and multiple low density defects in the liver, spleen, and kidneys? Tx?

A

hepatosplenic candidiasis; amphotericin B (can switch to fluconazole PO if under control)

59
Q

dimorphic fungus found in soil infested with bird/bat droppings? transmission? tx?

A

histoplasmosis; inhalation; itraconazole

60
Q

encapsulated budding yeast found in pigeon droppings?

Dx? Tx?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans; cryptococcal antigen assay (CRAG) in serum/CSF, India Ink; oral fluconazole (for life)

61
Q

? are flask shaped and occur anywhere in the large bowel or terminal ileum

A

amebic ulcers

62
Q

colitis can be mild, moderate, or severe; localized ulcerative lesions of the colon and localized granulomatous lesions of the colon aka ? result in pain, intestinal obstruction, and hemorrhage ?

A

ameboma, amebiasis

63
Q

amebiasis- stool specimen reveals ?

A

cysts or trophozoites

64
Q

amebiasis tx?

A

metro or tinidazole w/ luminal amebicide

65
Q

prevalent in subtropics, subtropics, humans only host, hypo chromic microcytic anemia and eosinophilia? tx?

A

hookworm (Necator americanus); iron, vitamins, high protein, mebendazole/albendazole/pyrantel

66
Q

perianal pruritis, eggs caught on cellophane tape over perianal skin? tx?

A

pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis); mebendazole/albendazole/pyrantel

67
Q

transmission of malaria via?

A

saliva of Anopheles mosquito

68
Q

malaria- sporozoites invade hepatocytes and mature as ?

A

tissue schizonts

69
Q

typical malarial attack?

A

shaking stage (cold stage), fever (Hot stage), diaphoresis (sweating stage)

70
Q

worst type of malaria?

A

plasmodium falciparum

71
Q

DOC for tx/prophy in malaria?

A

chloroquine

72
Q

treponema pallidum- spirochete

73
Q

loss of proprioception, vibratory sense, Argyll Robertson pupil … seen in syphilis?

A

tabes dorsalis

74
Q

syphlis

  • nontreponemal Ag tests?
  • treponemal Ag tests?
A

RPR, VDRL

FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal a/b absorption test)

75
Q

syphilis tx?

A

benzathine PCN G 2.4 million U IM x 1

76
Q

syphilis - sudden massive destruction of spirochetes? give antipyretics during first 24h of treatment

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

77
Q

gram neg intracellular diplococcus

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

78
Q

large group of obligate intracellular parasites? gram stain is negative, tx? preggo?

A

chlamydia species, azithro/doxyerythro; erythro

79
Q

flagellated protozoan, frothy/yellow-green d/c, strawberry cervix

A

trichomonas species

80
Q

trichomonas dx? tx?

A

wet mount reveals motile flagellates; metro 2g x 1

81
Q

lyme dz organism? must feed for more than ? to transmit the spirochete

A

borrelia burgdorferi; 24-36h

82
Q

lyme dz

-bluish-red discoloration of distal extremities with atrophy seen in europe but not the US?

A

acrodermatitis chronicum atrophicans

83
Q

lyme dz
dx?
tx?

A

ELISA confirmed with Western blot

doxycycline

84
Q

MC in easter US, transmitted by wood tick- dz and org?

A

rocky mountain spotted fever, Rickettsia rickettsii

85
Q

RMSF- papules/macules/petechiae develop first on ?

A

wrists and ankles

86
Q

Dx with rise in a/b titer; CSF analysis reveals pleocytosis and hypoglycorrhachia? tx?

A

RMSF, doxy

PANCE (6 decks)

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