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Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

most heterogenous group in the population

A

geriatrics

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2
Q

Tdap vaccine (if not previously vaccinated) followed by ?

A

tetanus and diphtheria toxoid (Td) booster every ten years

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3
Q

dermatologic changes in aging
-loss of ? (intermittent regular protrusions of the epidermis layer), loss of ? fat, decrease in collagen and elastin, ? photo aging

A

rete pegs, subcutaneous, increased

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4
Q

changes in aging

  • CV- baroreceptor ?
  • ? gastric acid, slight gallbladder duct ?
  • ? in righting reflexes
A
  • dysfunction
  • decreased, dilation
  • decline
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5
Q

aging

  • interstitial and skin perfusion ?
  • ? absorption of topical preparations and sQ or IM injections
A

declines

slower

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6
Q

bathing, grooming, dressing, mobility, toiling, eating, transferring

A

activities of daily living

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7
Q

telephoning, meal preparation, shopping, finances, stairs, reading, laundry, housework, transportation, medications, employment

A

INSTRUMENTAL activities of daily living

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8
Q

doses for drugs in regards to renal function should be based on ? because renal insufficiency may be present with normal serum creatinine levels

A

estimated creatinine clearance

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9
Q

MC unintended negative medical events

A

adverse drug events

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10
Q

any drug w/ anticholinergic properties likely to produce ? in elderly

A

confusion

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11
Q

alternative therapies

  • ? for prostatism
  • ? for osteoarthritis
A

saw palmetto

glucosamine/chondroitin

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12
Q

psychomotor retardation or agitation in delirium or dementia?

A

delirium

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13
Q

delirium MC w/ surgical admissions, esp ? and ? procedures

A

orthopaedic, urologic

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14
Q

screening procedures

  • lipids?
  • bone density?
  • smoking cessation?
  • exercise?
  • aspirin?
A 
q 5 years
F-65, M-70
q visit
q visit
81mg daily unless CI
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15
Q

? is best predictor of outcome after stroke or serious fracture

A

premorbid function

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16
Q

digoxin and verapamil or quinidine may result in ?

A

elevated digoxin levels

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17
Q

warfarin + sulfa, quinolones, macrolides, NSAIDs may result in ?

A

increased effect

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18
Q

in elderly MI may be felt as ? or ?

A

tightness, soreness

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19
Q

? pain arises in somatic or visceral tissues and usually described as aching, stabbing, or intense pressure and pain

A

nociceptive

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20
Q

? pain originates in central or peripheral nerves- electrical, burning, shooting, or stinging

A

neuropathic pain

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21
Q

tx nociceptive

  • mild pain w/ ?; avoid ?
  • moderate to severe pain w/ ?
A
  • acetaminophen or tramadol; NSAIDs (GI bleeding, renal toxicity)
  • hydrocodone/acetaminophen, oxycodone, morphine, transdermal fentanyl, or methadone
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22
Q

besides colace, ? is designed to reduce constipation from opioids

A

methylnatrexone bromide (Relistor)- opioid antagonist

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23
Q

simple method to evaluate for fall risk?

A

arise from a chair w/out using arms

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24
Q

incontinence - normal part of aging?

25
Q

med to tx urge incontinence that is not anticholinergic?

A

mirabegron (beta adrenergic agonist); associated with elevated BP and tachycardia

26
Q

impairment of cognition- normal part of aging?

27
Q

dementia inc risks

  • education level?
  • lifestyle?
  • history of ? or ?
A

lower
sedentary
diabetes/metabolic syndrome, htn

28
Q

? characterized by immobility, eating difficulties, and frequent infections

A

chronic dementia

29
Q

hallucinations - tx w/ ?

parkinson or lewy body dz - ? or ?

A

atypical antipsychotics

quetiapine, BZD

30
Q

unsteadiness; caused by vestibulopathies, visual, and MS d/o, and neuropathies or anxiety/depression d/o

A

disequilibrium

31
Q

caused by decreased cerebral perfusion b/c of OH or vaguely mediated cardiac events

A

presyncope

32
Q

often psychiatric; more vague sensation

A

light-headedness

33
Q

sudden, transient LOC not resulting from trauma?

34
Q

malnutrition

  • MC d/o ?
  • undernutrition cause most often ?
A

undernutrition

premouth

35
Q

problems with inability to shop for or prepare meals for inadequate assistance with feeding

36
Q

loss of or abnormal taste

37
Q

water deficit is common because the elderly lack ?

A

a thirst response

38
Q

myalgias, arthralgias, sarcopenia, osteomalacia, hypoparathyroidism

A

vitamin D deficiency

39
Q

vertebral compression fractures usually in ?; complication include ? or ?

A

thoracic or lumbar spine; kyphosis, possible restrictive lung disease

40
Q

senile psychosis characterized by ? and ?; associated with isolation, sensory impairment, and dementia; agents of choice?

A

hallucinations and delusions; newer antipsychotic in low doses

41
Q

dysgeusia may be related to ? or ?, often is secondary to drugs

A

dental dz, sinusitis

42
Q

xerostomia associated with ? and ? in elderly

A

gingivitis/periodontitis

43
Q

dentures-harbor organisms, steroids, antibiotics, or diabetics may cause ?

A

oral candidiasis

44
Q

aspiration pneumonia risk increased with use of ?

45
Q

vague symptoms or confusion, difficult to distinguish from asymptomatic bacteriuria, delirium ?

46
Q

? characterized by SOB and bibasilar rales

47
Q

elderly presentation less specific, with confusion or arrhythmia or fever?

A

pulmonary embolus

48
Q

first choice for systolic hypertension?

A

thiazide diuretics

49
Q

sudden SOB and pulmonary edema seens in ?

50
Q

dx of CHF?

A

est clinically

51
Q

‘gold standard’ for CHF?

A

cardiac cath

52
Q

cardiac cath lessened in elderly for CHF due to ?

A

renal toxicity- contrast material

53
Q

elderly- PUD more likely to present with ? rather than dyspepsia or pain

A

nausea, FTT, melena

54
Q

ulcerations of the colon because of pressure and irritation from retained feces

A

stercoral ulcers

55
Q

tx for subdural hematomas (common in elderly, alcoholics)

A

surgery- burr holes

56
Q

competence- legal term determined by ?

57
Q

decisional capacity determined by ?

58
Q

nursing home care for subacute rehab is covered for up to ? after a 3-day qualifying hospital stay

PANCE (6 decks)

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