Pediatrics Flashcards
when are Apgars performed?
1, 5 and 10 minutes post partum
At what age does the anterior fontanelle close?
10-26 months
At what age does the posterior fontanelle close?
1-3 months
If a patient has a third fontanelle along the sagitattal suture, what condition should be tested for?
Trisomy 21
A newborn has a subconjunctival hemorrhage, Treatment?
Watchful waiting, likely due to birthing trauma
At what point in development is strabisumus concerning?
After 4 months of age
Webbed neck
Turner syndrome
What is considered tachypnea in a newborn
> 60 pm
A newborn male has no testes in his scrotal sack, what measures should be taken?
Observe until age 1 then refer to pediatric urologist
In a newborn, what is a tuft of hair that cross the midline along the spine concerning for?
spina bifida
What is normal blood glucose for an infant?
50-80, 3 hours post partum
When is newborn jaundice concerning?
Before 24 hours of life
What are the 4 most common causes/treatment for jaundice?
ABO incompatability, RH isoimmunization, hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency - all phototherapy, transfusion in the first 2 to 3 if necessary
At what serum level of bilirubin is there a danger of encephalopathy in a newborn?
20-25, though goes down with weight
What is the most common cause of speech or language delay?
chronic ear infection induced conductive hearing loss
What is the IQ definition of mental retardation?
IQ < 70
adolescent is brought in by parent who is suspicious he is suicidal and ingested something. His breath smells of garlic. What is the likely culprit?
arsenic or organophosphates
What is the treatment for aspirin overdose?
choarcoal induced emesis to bind medication, possible dialysis
Child presents with acute onset fever and posterior pharynx grayish white vesicles and ulcers with erythematous halos which are linearly arranged on the palate, uvula and tonsillar pillars. Diagnosis? Tx?
Coxsackievirus, supportive treatment specifically fluids
4 year old presents with 7 days of fever, conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, redness and swelling of the hands and feet which turned desquamating. What is the diagnosis? Work up? Treatment?
Kawaski’s disease - echo for possible aneurysms, treat with IV immunoglobulin and high dose aspirin
child with a red slapped cheek appearance and lacy rash on torso, diagnosis?
Erythema infectiosum (fifths disease)
Child who has a fever then develops a rash after 4 days of fever has resolved, diagnosis? cause?
herpes virus 6 or 7, roseola infantum
Child with fever, cough, anorexia, coryza and maculopapular rash that spreads from the face to the extremities and Koplik spots in the mouth. Diagnosis?
Measles (rubeola)
Child with a head to toe maculopapular rash, diagnosis? Risk to pregnant mom?
Rubella (german measles), teratogenic
