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PANRE review > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the more common etiology of stroke?

A

Thromboembolic

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2
Q

What is the time window for TPA in an embolic stroke?

A

Ideally within 3 hours but demonstrates effectiveness up to 4.5 hours fro onset of symtoms

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3
Q

What is the threshold for carotid endarterectomy?

A

> 70% occlusion of the carotid

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4
Q

If a patient has a TIA, what are his/her risk of CVA?

A

33% in 5 years

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5
Q

How long must a seizure persist to be diagnosed as having status epilepticus?

A

5 minutes

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6
Q

What is the treatment for MS?

A

Acute: high dose IV steroids -> plasma exchange if that doesn’t work. Chronic - interferon beta decreases the frequency of acute events especially in more severe cases. Glatiramer acetate is used in more mild cases.

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7
Q

What is the risk of alzheimer’s disease by age 85?

A

30-50%

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8
Q

What is the standard treatment of alzheimer’s disease?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (tacrine, donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine) + Memantine

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9
Q

A patient with a chronic evolution of apathy and ALS receives a PET scan which shows frontal hypometabolism. What is the diagnosis?

A

frontotemporal dementia

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10
Q

What are the treatments/preventions of headache?

A

Triptans, botox for severe intractable headache

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11
Q

What is the prophylactic medication of choice for cluster headaches?

A

Verapamil

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12
Q

What are the 4 main clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease?

A

Resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability

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13
Q

What is the next medication step for a Parkinson’s patient who fails levadopa/carbidopa therapy?

A

bromocriptine

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14
Q

What is the chromosomal location of the Huntington’s gene?

A

short arm of chromosome 4

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15
Q

What is an important supplement to ropinerole in restless leg syndrome?

A

Iron

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16
Q

What is the timeline of bell’s palsy paralysis?

A

peak weakness at 21 days, full recovery by 6 months

17
Q

Patient with recent GI illness p/w new motor deficits in b/l lower extremities. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Guillan- Barre - admission and plasmapharesis or IVIG in the unstable/pediatric patients as well as supportive care

18
Q

Patient with ptosis and easy fatiguability that waxes and wanes throughout the day. Diagnosis? confirmatory test?

A

Myesthenia gravis confirmed with edrophonium test

19
Q

What is the mainstay of myesthenia gravis treatment?

A

pyridostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor)

20
Q

What is the typical starting therapy for bacterial mengitis?

A

a pcn + 2/3rd gen cef +/- vanc depending on MRSA risk

21
Q

What is the treatment for viral (aseptic) meningitis?

A

only acyclovir if confirmed HSV induced, otherwise supportive

22
Q

what is the treatment of spinal cord injury that has been shown to improve neurologic recovery? timeline?

A

steroids within 8 hours of the injury

PANRE review (14 decks)

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