Pediatrics

Question 1

Stages of inhalation anesthesia (4)

Answer 1

1. Analgesia
2. Delirium or excitement stage
3. Surgical anesthesia
4. Respiratory paralysis

Question 2

Recent data using ultrasound suggest that the spinal cord of newborns ends at?

Answer 2

L2

Question 3

The dural sac of newborns extends to S3-S4, and for the adult the dural sac ends at S1-S2.

Answer 3

Most pediatric anesthesiologists would perform spinal puncture at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 interspace.

Question 4

There are how many primary teeth?

Answer 4

20

Question 5

The first primary teeth to erupt are the central incisors followed by the lateral incisors at what age range?

Answer 5

6 to 9 months

Question 6

The remaining primary teeth (cuspid, first molar, and second molar) erupt at what age?

Answer 6

1 to 1.5 years

Question 7

All primary teeth are usually present by what age?

Answer 7

3 years

Question 8

The 32 permanent teeth begin to erupt at about ____ years of age, and most are present by ___ years of age (except the wisdom teeth, or third molars, which erupt at ___ to ___ years of age)

Answer 8

6 years
12 years
15 to 25 years of age

Question 9

The pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in newborns decreases to that of adults by age?

Answer 9

1 to 2 months

Question 10

after age 40, MAC decreases about how much per decade?

Answer 10

6%

Question 11

Parkland formula

Answer 11

4 x weight x body surface area

2/3rds in the 1st 8 hours
1/3rd in the next 16 hours

Question 12

A physiologic anemia occurs by age ___ to ___ weeks, resulting in hemoglobin concentrations of approximately 9 to 11 g/dL.

Answer 12

8 to 12 weeks

After 3 months, there is a progressive increase in hemoglobin concentration, which reaches levels similar to those in adults by age 6 to 9 months. For premature infants, the anemia is more pronounced (7-9 g/dL), occurs earlier (age 3-6 weeks), and persists longer.