1 History Flashcards
1
Q
Described a mastectomy she endured after receiving a
“wine cordial” as her sole anesthetic
A
Fanny Burney
2
Q
Summarizes the contribution of anesthesia: “BEFORE
WHOM in all time Surgery was Agony.”
A
William Thomas Green Morton
3
Q
In the 16th century, military surgeon ________ became adept at nerve compression as a means of creating anesthesia.
A
Ambroise Paré
4
Q
Described the technique of “refrigeration anesthesia” in which snow was placed in parallel lines across the incisional plane such that the surgical site became insensate within minutes. He also have saved numerous lives during an epidemic of diphtheria by performing tracheostomies and inserting trocars to maintain patency of the airway.
A
Marco Aurelio Severino
5
Q
Formal manipulation of the psyche to relieve surgical pain was undertaken by 2 French physicians in the late 1820s with hypnosis, then called mesmerism.
A
Charles Dupotet and Jules Cloquet
6
Q
In a well-attended demonstration in 1828, ______removed the breast of a 64-year-old patient while she reportedly remained in a calm, mesmeric sleep.
A
Cloquet
7
Q
Published the book Numerous Cases of Surgical Operations Without Pain in the Mesmeric State.
A
Elliotson
8
Q
He performed the FIRST operation using ETHER anesthesia in England and emarked, “This Yankee dodge beats mesmerism all hollow.”
A
Robert Liston
9
Q
A Greek physician from the first century AD, commented on the analgesia of mandragora, a drug prepared from the bark and leaves of the
mandrake plant. (Soporific sponge)
A
Dioscorides
10
Q
Prepared as indicated by published reports of the time,
the sponge generally contained _____ and _____—drugs used in modern anesthesia—in varying amounts.
A
Morphine
Scopolamine
11
Q
This was an alcohol-based solution of opium first
compounded by Paracelsus in the 16th century.
A
Laudanum
12
Q
In the first three decades of the 19th century, in Japan, ________ performed operations under what has been described as general anesthesia
A
Seisyu Hanaoka
13
Q
The manuscript “On the Use of Mafutsuto,” the name given to the anesthetic method by Hanaoka, was translated into English. Written by ________, the manuscript details preanesthetic evaluation, the timing of anesthesia, and the proposed duration of surgery.
A
Hajime Matsuoka
The manuscript stated that care should be taken to ensure that lighting is appropriate; therefore it recommended that operations be performed at NOON.
14
Q
This drug was was made by heating ammonium nitrate in the presence of iron filings.
A
Nitrous oxide
15
Q
Nitrous oxide was first prepared in 1773 by whom?
A
Joseph Priestley
16
Q
Priestley prepared and examined several gases, including (6)?
A
- Nitrous oxide
- Ammonia
- Sulfur dioxide
- Oxygen
- Carbon monoxide
- Carbon dioxide
17
Q
He opened his Pneumatic Institute close to the small spa of Hotwells, in the city of Bristol, to study the beneficial effects of inhaled gases.
A
Thomas Beddoes
18
Q
Who did he hire in 1798 to conduct research projects for the institute.
A
Humphry Davy
19
Q
His human experimental results, combined with research on the physical properties of the gas, were published in Nitrous Oxide, a 580-page book published in 1800.
A
Humphry Davy
20
Q
He commented that nitrous oxide transiently relieved a severe headache, obliterated a minor headache, and briefly quenched an aggravating toothache.
A
Humphry Davy
21
Q
He commented: “As nitrous oxide in its extensive operation appears capable of destroying physical pain, it may probably be used with advantage during surgical operations in which no great effusion of blood takes place.”
A
Humphry Davy
22
Q
Coined the term “laughing gas”
A
Humphry Davy
23
Q
He used high concentrations of carbon dioxide in his studies on mice and dogs. He searched intentionally for an inhaled anesthetic to relieve pain in his patients.
A
Henry Hill Hickman
24
Q
Diethyl ether may have been synthesized by 2 persons
A
- Arabian philosopher Jabir ibn Hayyan
2. Raymond Lully, a 13thcentury European alchemist
25
2 people who prepared diethyl ether by distilling sulfuric acid (oil of vitriol) with fortified wine to produce an oleum vitrioli dulce (sweet oil of vitriol).
1. Valerius Cordus
| 2. Paracelsus
26
He observed that ether caused chickens to fall asleep and awaken unharmed.
Paracelsus
27
A medical student from Rochester, New York, may have given the first ether anesthetic in January 1842. He administered ether, from a towel, to a young woman.
William E. Clarke
28
William E. Clarke administered ether, from a towel, to a young woman named?
Hobbie
29
One of Hobbie's teeth was then extracted without pain by a dentist named?
Elijah Pope
30
Two months later, on March 30, 1842, this man administered ether with a towel for surgical anesthesia in Jefferson, Georgia.
Crawford Williamson Long
31
Was the young man who Crawford Williamson Long administered ether through a towel, was already familiar with ether’s exhilarating effects, for he reported in a certificate that he had previously inhaled it and was fond of its use. He had two small tumors on his neck and was completed and was unaware of the removal of the tumors.
James M. Venable
32
In determining the first fee for anesthesia and
| surgery, Long settled on a charge of?
2.00 USD
33
One of the first dentists to engender a
solution was? He observed a lecture-exhibition on
nitrous oxide by an itinerant “scientist,” _________, who encouraged members of the audience to inhale a sample of the gas.
Horace Wells
| Gardner Quincy Colton
34
The following day, Colton gave Wells nitrous oxide before a fellow dentist, ________, extracted a tooth. Afterward Wells declared that he had not felt any pain and deemed the experiment a success.
William Riggs
35
In Boston, this man continued his interest in anesthesia and sought instruction from chemist and physician
________. After learning that ether dropped on the skin provided analgesia, he began experiments with inhaled ether, an agent that proved to be much more versatile than nitrous oxide. Bottles of liquid ether were easily
transported, and the volatility of the drug permitted effective inhalation. The concentrations required for surgical anesthesia were so low that patients did
not become hypoxic when breathing ether vaporized in air.
William Thomas Green Morton
| Charles T. Jackson
36
After anesthetizing a pet dog, Morton became confident of his skills and anesthetized patients with ether in his dental office. Encouraged by his success, Morton sought an invitation to give a public demonstration in the Bullfinch amphitheater of the Massachusetts General Hospital (the site where Wells’ failed demonstration of the efficacy of nitrous oxide as a complete surgical anesthetic was incorrectly also thought to have occurred). Morton secured permission to provide an anesthetic to ________, a patient of surgeon John Collins Warren. Warren planned to excise a vascular lesion from the left side of his neck and was about to proceed when Morton arrived late. He had been delayed because he was obliged to wait for an instrument maker to complete a new inhaler.
Edward Gilbert Abbott
37
Who said, “Gentlemen, this is no humbug,” after performing a successful surgery under Morton's anesthesia to a patient named Edward Gilbert Abbott?
John Collins Warren
38
Morton, wishing to capitalize on his “discovery,” refused to divulge what agent was in his inhaler. Some weeks passed before Morton admitted that the active component of the colored fluid, which he had called “______,” was simple diethyl ether.
Letheon
39
A debate between Morton, Wells, and Jackson, regarding the ether discovery has subsequently been termed the?
ETHER CONTROVERSY
40
Was a successful obstetrician in Edinburgh, Scotland,
| and among the first to use ether for the relief of labor pain.
James Young Simpson
41
Dissatisfied with ether, Simpson soon sought a more pleasant, rapid-acting anesthetic. He and his junior associates conducted a bold search by inhaling samples of several volatile chemicals collected for Simpson by British apothecaries. ________ suggested a chemical agent _______, which had first been prepared in 1831. Simpson and his friends inhaled it after dinner at a party in Simpson’s home on the evening of November 4, 1847. They promptly fell unconscious and, when they awoke,
were delighted with their success.
David Waldie
| Chloroform
42
Where did Simpson submitted his first publication?
The Lancet
43
Simpson argued against the prevailing view, which held that relieving labor pain opposed God’s will. The pain of the parturient was viewed as both a component of punishment and a means of atonement for Original Sin. Less than a year after administering the first anesthesia during childbirth, Simpson addressed these concerns in a pamphlet entitled?
Advanced Against the Employment of Anaesthetic Agents in Midwifery and Surgery and Obstetrics
In it, Simpson recognized the Book of Genesis as
being the root of this sentiment and noted that God promised to relieve the descendants of Adam and Eve of the curse. In addition, Simpson asserted that labor pain was a result of scientific and anatomic causes and not the result of religious condemnation.
44
Who delivered the last two children of Queen Victoria?
John Snow
45
What did John Snow use to deliver the children of Queen Victoria?
Chloroform
46
How did John Snow delivery chloroform to Queen Victoria? This technique was soon termed?
Handkerchief
| chloroform à la reine
47
Whose work approximated the modern concept of minimum alveolar concentration?
John Snow
He anesthetized several species of animals with varying strengths of ether and chloroform to determine the concentration required to prevent reflex movement from sharp stimuli.
48
Snow published two remarkable books namely?
1. On the Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether (1847)
| 2. On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics (1858)
49
How did John Snow die and at what age?
Stroke
| 45 years old
50
Was the first Englishman to urge the now-universal practice of thrusting the patient’s jaw forward to overcome obstruction of the upper airway by the tongue.
Joseph Clover
51
He averted disaster by inserting a small curved cannula of his design through the cricothyroid membrane.
Joseph Clover
52
The first tracheal tubes were developed for the resuscitation of?
Drowning victims
53
The first use of elective oral intubation for an anesthetic was undertaken by Scottish surgeon?
William Macewan
Macewan abandoned the practice following a fatality in which a patient had been successfully intubated while awake but the tube became dislodged once the patient was asleep.
54
Designed a series of metal laryngeal tubes, which he inserted blindly between the vocal cords of children suffering a diphtheritic crisis. Three years later, He designed a second rigid tube with a conical tip that occluded the larynx so effectively that it could be used for artificial ventilation when applied with the bellows and T-piece tube designed by _____?
Joseph O’Dwyer
| George Fell
55
The Fell–O’Dwyer apparatus, as it came to be known, was used during thoracic surgery by?
Rudolph Matas
56
Who said “The procedure that promises the most benefit in preventing pulmonary collapse in operations on the chest is … the rhythmical maintenance of artificial respiration by a tube in the glottis directly connected with a bellows.”
Rudolph Matas
57
“Die perorale Intubation,”described techniques of oral and nasal intubation that he performed with flexible metal tubes composed of coiled tubing similar to those now used for the spout of metal gasoline cans.
Franz Kuhn
58
What did Franz Kuhn applied to the airway for intubation?
Cocaine
59
Devised the first directvision laryngoscope
Alfred Kirstein
60
Devised a U-shaped laryngoscope by adding a handgrip that was parallel to the blade.
Chevalier Jackson
61
Two laryngoscopes that closely resembled modern L-shaped instruments were designed by two American surgeons?
1. Henry Janeway
| 2. George Dorrance
62
Invented a slender, straight blade with a slight curve near the tip to ease the passage of the tube through the larynx?
Robert Miller
63
The Macintosh blade, which is placed in the vallecula rather than under the epiglottis, was invented as an incidental result of a?
Tonsillectomy
64
A technician who constructed the Macintosh blade.
Mr. Richard Salt
65
Who was the neophyte Magill worked with?
Stanley Rowbotham
66
Together, Magill and Rowbotham attended casualties
disfigured by severe facial injuries who underwent repeated restorative operations. These procedures required that the surgeon _______, have unrestricted access to the face and airway.
Harold Gillies
67
They developed techniques of deliberate
| nasotracheal intubation. (2)
Ivan Magill
| Stanley Rowbotham
68
Devised an aid to manipulating the catheter tip, during nasotracheal intubations.
Ivan Magill
69
With the war over, Magill entered civilian practice and set out to develop a wide-bore tube that would resist kinking but be conformable to the contours of the upper airway. While in a hardware store, he found mineralized red rubber tubing that he cut, beveled, and smoothed to produce tubes that clinicians around the world would come to call?
Magill tubes
70
He began a series of experiments that led to the
| introduction of the cuffed tube.
Arthur Guedel
He fashioned cuffs from the rubber of dental dams, condoms, and surgical gloves that were glued onto the outer wall of tubes. Using animal tracheas donated by the family butcher as his model, he considered whether the cuff should be positioned above, below, or at the level of the vocal cords. He recommended that the cuff be positioned just below the vocal cords to seal the airway.
71
Later recommended that cuffs be constructed of two layers of soft rubber cemented together.
Ralph Waters
72
To encourage physicians attending a medical convention to use his tracheal techniques, he prepared the first of several “dunked dog” demonstrations. An anesthetized and intubated dog, Guedel’s own pet, “Airway,” was immersed in an aquarium.
Arthur Guedel
73
After a patient experienced an accidental endobronchial intubation, he reasoned that a very long cuffed tube could be used to isolate the lungs. The dependent lung could be ventilated while the upper lung was being
resected.
Ralph Waters
74
Arthur Guedel proposed an important modification for chest surgery, the double-cuffed single-lumen tube, which was introduced by?
Emery Rovenstine
75
The double-lumen tube currently most popular was designed by?
Frank Robertshaw
76
Robertshaw tubes were first manufactured from mineralized? But are now made of extruded plastic, a technique refined by?
Red rubber
| David Sheridan
77
He was also the first person to embed centimeter markings along the side of tracheal tubes.
David Sheridan
78
lthough it was known in 1870 that a thread of glass could transmit light along the length of a bronchoscope, this man developed the first flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.
Shigeto Ikeda
79
He developed the a laryngoscope, whose fiberoptic bundles lie beside a curved blade.
Roger Bullard (Bullard laryngoscope)
80
A Wu-scope was designed to combine and facilitate visualization and intubation of the trachea in patients with difficult airways.
Tzu-Lang Wu
81
```
First recognized the principle of the laryngeal
mask airway (LMA)
```
Dr. A. I. J. “Archie” Brain
82
Brain provided dental anesthesia via a?
Goldman nasal mask
83
He obtained a 4.5% concentration of chloroform in air by pumping a measured volume of air with a bellows through a warmed evaporating vessel containing
a known volume of liquid chloroform.
Joseph Clover
84
Three American dentist-entrepreneurs developed the original series of US instruments that used compressed cylinders of nitrous oxide and oxygen.
1. Samuel S. White
2. Charles Teter
3. Jay Heidbrink
85
Before 1900, the ______ Company modified Frederick Hewitt’s apparatus and marketed its continuous-flow machine, which was refined by ____ in 1903. ______ added reducing valves in 1912.
S. S. White
Charles Teter
Jay Heidbrink
86
Water–bubble flowmeters, introduced by _____ and ____ of Harvard University, allowed the proportion of gases and their flow rate to be approximated
Frederick Cotton and Walter Boothby
87
During the same period in Lubeck, Germany, 2 people adapted compressed gas technology, which they had originally developed for mine rescue equipment,
to manufacture ether and chloroform–oxygen machines.
Heinrich Draeger and his son, Bernhaard
88
Carried nitrous oxide anesthesia to its therapeutic limit by performing inductions with 100% nitrous oxide and thereafter adding small volumes of oxygen.
Elmer McKesson
89
The oxygen flush valve is part of whose legacy?
Elmer McKesson
90
Introduced his valveless T-piece to reduce the effort of breathing in neurosurgical patients. The T-piece soon became particularly popular for cleft palate repairs, as the surgeon had free access to the mouth.
Phillip Ayre
91
Devised which permitted improved control of ventilation by substituting a breathing bag on the
outflow limb.
Gordon Jackson Rees
92
2 people placed the patient’s head and neck in a box
| in which positive pressure was continually maintained
Brauer (1904) and Murphy (1905)
93
Created a negative-pressure operating chamber encompassing both the surgical team and the patient’s body and from which only the patient’s head projected.
Sauerbruch
94
What was the first intermittent positive-pressure device called?
Draeger “Pulmotor
95
A machine which used a piston pump to rhythmically
| deliver a fixed volume of gas to the patient.
Morch “Respirator (Trier Morch)
96
Its action was controlled by a magnetic control valve called the flasher, a type first used to provide intermittent gas flow for the lights of navigational buoys
Spiropulsator
97
A machine used to provide ventilation for poliomyelitis victims during the Copenhagen crisis?
Iron lungs
98
Was designed during World War II when a team of
physiologists at the University of Southern California encountered difficulties in separating inspiration from expiration in an experimental apparatus designed to provide positive-pressure breathing for aviators at high altitude.
A second valving mechanism was later designed by an aeronautical engineer?
Bennett valve
| Forrest Bird
99
The first CO2 absorber in anesthesia came in 1906 from the work of?
Franz Kuhn
100
A few years later, the first American machine with a CO2 absorber was independently fabricated by a pharmacologist named?
Dennis Jackson
101
He used solutions of sodium and calcium hydroxide to absorb CO2. As his laboratory was located in an area of St. Louis, Missouri, heavily laden with coal smoke, Jackson reported that the apparatus allowed him the first breaths of absolutely fresh air he had ever enjoyed in that city.
Dennis Jackson
102
Pioneering work of Jackson in this field encouraged ___________ to introduce a simpler device using soda lime granules nine years later.
Ralph Waters
103
Devised a freestanding machine with unidirectional valves to create a circle system and an inline CO2 absorber.
Brian Sword
104
Further refined the CO2 absorber, increasing the efficiency of CO2 removal with a minimum of resistance for breathing.
James Elam
105
Had been the first to apply rotameters in anesthesia for the administration of nitrous oxide and oxygen.
M. Neu
106
Was the first temperature-compensated, accurate
| vaporizer.
Copper Kettle
107
Copper Kettle been developed by?
Lucien Morris
108
Proposed the incorporation of a thermometer, a suggestion that was later added to all vaporizers of that class.
Shuh-Hsun
109
2 universal vaporizers
1. Copper Kettle
| 2. Vernitrol
110
A vaporizer that featured a bimetallic strip composed of brass and a nickel–steel alloy.
TECOTA (TEmperature COmpensated Trichloroethylene Air)
111
The first of a series of agent specific “tec” vaporizers for use in the operating room?
Fluotec
112
He developed the habit of monitoring his patients’ pulse and one of the first clinicians to routinely perform basic hemodynamic monitoring.
Joseph Clover
113
Urged clinicians to “strictly carry out certain simple
instructions, among which is that of never touching the pulse, in order that their attention may not be distracted from the respiration.
Baron Lister
114
Developed a strong interest in measuring blood pressure during anesthesia.
1. George W. Crile
| 2. Harvey Cushing
115
The first precordial stethoscope was believed to have been used by?
Griffith Davis
116
Fabricated his first esophageal stethoscope from urethral catheters and Penrose drains.
Albert Codesmith
117
Clinical electrocardiography began with?
Willem Einthoven’s application of the string galvanometer
118
Created an oxygen-sensing monitor worn on the pilot’s earlobe and coined the name oximeter to describe its action.
Glen Millikan
119
Refinements of oximetry by ______, led to the
| development of pulse oximetry.
Takuo Aoyagi
120
The introduction of safety features was coordinated by?
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Committee Z79
121
“When a sudden need for accessory equipment arose, nurses and corpsmen were likely to respond to it by bringing parts that would not fit.”
Ralph Tovell
122
It was used as a topical anesthetic and counterirritant; it
| was so volatile that the skin transiently “froze” after it was sprayed on it.
Ethyl chloride
123
Sprayed ethyl chloride into a patient’s mouth to “freeze” a dental abscess and caused his patient to lose consciousness
Carlson
124
This nonflammable anesthetic found limited application in America, as it decomposed to release phosgene when warmed in the presence of soda lime.
Trichloroethylene
125
The lightest and most reactive halogen, forms exceptionally stable bonds.
Fluorine
126
The first commercial application of fluorine chemistry came in the form of the refrigerant?
Freon
127
Became the first fluorinated anesthetic
Trifluoroethyl vinyl ether, or fluroxene
128
Who created halothane?
Charles Suckling
129
Synthesized enflurane and isoflurane?
Ross Terrell
130
Injected aqueous opium into a dog through a goose quill attached to a pig’s bladder, rendering the animal “stupefied.”
Christopher Wren
131
Wren similarly injected intravenous ________, an impure preparation of antimony, and observed the animals to vomit and then die.
crocus metallorum
132
Performed the first blood transfusions of lamb’s blood into dogs and other animals.
Richard Lower
133
Created the hollow needle for injection of morphine into nerves in the treatment of “neuralgias.”
Francis Rynd
134
Designed the first functional syringe in 1853 for perineural injections.
Charles Gabriel Pravaz
135
Performed what is perhaps the first successful
| intravenous surgical anesthesia by injecting chloral hydrate immediately prior to incision.
Pierre Oré of Lyons
136
Produced surgical anesthesia by intravenous injections of chloroform and ether.
Ludwig Burkhardt
137
The first barbiturate, barbital, was synthesized by?
Fischer and von Mering
138
The first shortacting oxybarbiturate was?
Hexobarbital (Evipal)
139
Instructed his patients to raise one arm while he injected hexobarbital into a vein of the opposite forearm.
Ronald Jarman
140
Synthesized thiopental (Pentothal) and thiamylal (Surital) (2)
1. Donalee Tabern
| 2. Ernest H. Volwiler
141
Ketamine was synthesized by?
Dr. Calvin Stevens
142
The neologism “dissociative anesthesia” was created by?(2)
1. Guenter Corrsen
| 2. Edward Domino
143
Propofol was synthesised by?
Imperial Chemical Industries
144
Synthesized nivaquine the first amino amide local
| anesthetic.
Alfred Eihorn
145
Synthesized benzocaine and procaine
Alfred Eihorn
146
Developed lidocaine (2)
1. Nils Löfgren
| 2. Bengt Lundquist
147
Synthesized bupivacaine
B. Ekenstam
148
The first alkaloid isolated, morphine, was extracted by?
Freidrich A. W. Sertürner
149
Freidrich A. W. Sertürner named morphine after the Greek god of dreams?
Morpheus
150
Codeine was isolated by?
Robiquet
151
What was the first synthetic opioid?
Codeine
152
Meperidine was the first synthetic opioid, was developed by? (3)
1. IG Farben
2. Otto Eisleb
3. O. Schaumann
153
What was the first parenteral NSAID indicated for postoperative pain?
Ketorolac
154
What is analgesic potency equivalent of ketorolac to morphine?
6 to 8 mg
155
What is the first known neuromuscular blocking agent?
Curare
156
What was earliest clinical use of curare?
Treat muscle spasms of tetanus
157
What drug antagonizes curare? This substance
| had been isolated from the Calabar bean some 36 years earlier by Scottish pharmacologist Sir T. R. Fraser.
Physostigmine
158
Anesthetized and intubated the trachea of a young man before injecting curare early in the course of his appendectomy.
```
Harold Griffith
Enid Johnson (resident)
```
159
Succinylcholine was prepared by?
Nobel Laureate Daniel Bovet
160
Developed a method for monitoring peripheral neuromuscular blockade during anesthesia (2)
1. T. H. Christie
| 2. H. Churchill-Davidson
161
Developed "train of four"
H. H. Ali
162
This muscle relaxant was withdrawn from clinical use after several cases of intractable bronchospasm led to brain damage or death.
Rapacuronium
163
What are the four clinical products based on the steroid parent drug d-tubocurarine?
1. atracurium
2. mivacurium
3. doxacurium
4. cis-atracurium
164
What was the first effective local anesthetic?
Cocaine
165
Refined the active alkaloid and named it cocaine
Albert Niemann
166
First recognized the utility of cocaine in clinical practice.
Carl Koller
167
The term spinal anesthesia was coined by?
Leonard Corning
168
He offered the valuable observation that it was
most safely performed at the level of the third or fourth lumbar interspace because entry at that level was below the termination of the spinal cord.
Heinrich Quincke
169
Discovered epinephrine, which he used to prolong the action of local anesthetics with great success.
Heinrich Braun
170
Braun was the first person to use, which, along with
| stovaine, was one of the first synthetic local anesthetics produced to reduce the toxicity of cocaine.
Procaine
171
Discovered saddle block?
John Adriani
172
Devised an apparatus for continuous spinal anesthesia?
William Lemmon
173
Performed the first continuous epidural anesthetic?
Martinez Curbelo
174
Used caudal anesthesia as a less dangerous alternative to spinal anesthesia for hernia repairs.
Fernand Cathelin
175
Identified loss-of-resistance technique.
Dogliotti
176
Coined the phrase regional anesthesia
Harvey Cushing
177
Coined the term anoci-association?
George Crile
178
Injected procaine into a vein of the upper limb between two tourniquets.
August Bier
| "Bier block"
179
Wrote the earliest textbook of local anesthesia
Heinrich Braun
180
He formed the first American Society for Regional Anesthesia.
Gaston Labat
181
Created the first American clinic for the treatment of chronic pain.
Emery A. Rovenstine
182
His classic text The Management of Pain is regarded as a standard of the literature of anesthesia.
John J. Bonica
183
Had been experimenting with several extracorporeal circuit designs and by 1947 was able to successfully
place dogs on heart–lung bypass.
John Gibbon
184
Published one of the first articles on anesthetic management of patients undergoing surgery for coronary artery disease.
J. Earl Wynands
185
Already known for using the V5 lead to monitor for myocardial ischemia and nitroglycerin infusions to treat ischemia, popularized the use of the PAC to detect myocardial ischemia.
Joel Kaplan
186
Developed the first charts to record heart rate, temperature, and respiration during anesthesia.
Harvey Cushing
187
"No operation be undertaken unless the services of a skilled anesthetizer are available.”
Charles Frazier
188
Father of neuroanesthesia
John D. (Jack) Michenfelder
189
Performed Dämmerschlaff or “Twilight Sleep using morphine and scopolamine?
Richard von Steinbüchel
Morphine 10 mg + scopolamine then scopolamine on subsequent injections
190
Blood transfusion was first attempted to?
Louis XIV, Jean Baptiste Denis
191
The first American organization was founded by nine members on?
October 6, 1905
192
The first American organization of anesthesiology was called? With annual dues of?
Long Island Society of Anesthetists
| 1 USD
193
The first American organization of anesthesiology had initially how many members?
70
194
He became editor of the first journal devoted to anesthesia, Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia, the precursor of Anesthesia and Analgesia, the oldest journal of the specialty.
Francis Hoffer McMechan
195
Helped establish the Australian Society of Anesthesiologists?
Geoffry Kaye
196
What year, first time, physicians were recognized as specialists in anesthesiology?
1935
197
Who was the first American to acquire an academic position in anesthesia?
Ralph Waters
198
Organized the Anaesthetists’ Travel Club
John Lundy
199
Who was the first president of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia?
Emery Rovenstein
200
When was the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) organized as a subordinate board to the American
Board of Surgery?
1938
201
When was the independence of AMA from ABA granted?
1940
202
“An Anesthetist is a technician and an Anesthesiologist is the specific authority on anesthesia and anesthetics.
I cannot understand why you do not term yourselves the American Society of Anesthesiologists."
Dr. M. J. Seifert
203
Was declared the first president of the newly named ASA in 1945.
Ralph Waters
204
How many ASA members were in the armed forces?
739 (37%)
205
ASA’s first Distinguished Service Award was given to?
Paul M. Wood
| Park Ridge, Illinois
206
What year was the evolution of critical care progressed through the use of mechanical ventilators started?
1960
