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Clinical Disaplines > Pediatric Vaccines > Flashcards

Pediatric Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

5 types of vaccines

A
  1. Live attenuated
  2. Inactivated
  3. Viral particles
  4. Subunit
  5. toxoid
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2
Q

what 3 vaccines are live attenuated

A

MMR
Flu Mist
Varicella

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3
Q

Toxoid vaccine example

A

tetneus

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4
Q

what are the 4 groups in which a vaccine is contraindicated

A
  1. Pregnant
  2. Compramised immune system
  3. anaphylactic reaction
  4. Moderate or severe illness currently
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5
Q

what is the allergy that should not get the flu vaccine

A

Egg or chicken allergy

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6
Q

Common Misconceptions These are NOT contraindications 3

A

fever
breast feeding
antibiotics

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7
Q

when do you want to give 2 live virus

A

same time if not 28 days apart

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8
Q

what you should know for vaccines

A
  1. 1st does
  2. Last does
  3. Contraindications
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9
Q

Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine is also called

A

MCV 4

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10
Q

MCV4 first does

A

11

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11
Q

MCV 4 booster

A

16

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12
Q

high risk Meningococcal

A

2-10 year old

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13
Q

Contraindications to MCV4 3

A

i. Latex allergy
ii. History of life-threatening allergic reaction to diphtheria toxoid
iii. Previous history of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

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14
Q

what ages gets the flu shot

A

2-49

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15
Q

who should NOT get the flu vaccine 5

A

i. children 2-17 years receiving aspirin or aspirin-containing products persons who are allergic to eggs
ii. pregnant women
iii. immunosuppressed persons
iv. children 2-4 years of age with asthma or who had wheezing in the past 12 months
v. persons who have taken influenza antiviral medications in the previous 48 hours

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16
Q

what is the vaccine for RSV

A

Synagis

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17
Q

what is the most serious normal reaction to a vaccine

A

i. Low grade fevers (<101.5F)

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18
Q

what are the abnormal reaction to a vaccine 4

A

i. crying for >3 hr
ii. High fever >104-105F
iii. Seizure
v. Anaphylactic reaction

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19
Q

Roseola infantum caused by what

A

Human Herpes Virus 6 or 7

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20
Q

Roseola infantum ages

A

6 months - 3 years

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21
Q

Roseola infantum textbook

A
  1. fever > 104 3 days
  2. rash that starts on trunk and spreads to head
  3. adenopathy
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22
Q

Roseola infantum treatment

A

supportive

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23
Q

a. Erythema Infectiosum “Fifth’s disease”

cause

A

. Parvo B-19

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24
Q
  1. Lace-like rash (trunk/limbs) follows slapped cheeks

What disease

A

Erythema Infectiosum “Fifth’s disease”

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25
Q

Fifth’s disease treatment

A

supportive

26
Q

i. Candida albicans yeast infection of the oral mucosa

A

Oral Candidiasis “thrush”

27
Q

Oral Candidiasis “thrush” treatment

A

Nystatin suspension

Treat mom PRN

28
Q

a. Enterobiasis (Enterobus vermicularis) “Pinworms”

symptoms 2

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Anal itching

29
Q

nterobiasis (Enterobus vermicularis) “Pinworms” treatment 2

A
  1. Mebendazole

2. Treat the whole family

30
Q

a. Molluscum Contogiosum

what virus

A

Pox

31
Q

i. Bacterial infection of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

A

a. Bacterial Meningitis

32
Q

i. Suspected bacterial meningitis = emergency; untreated mortality almost 100%

A

TRUE

33
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

1-3 months

A

a. Group B streptococcus

34
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

3 months - 10 years

A

a. S. pneumonia

35
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

10 years - 19 years

A

a. N. meningitides

36
Q

i. Petechial rash of N. meningitides:

A

does NOT blanch

37
Q

i. Keep index of suspicion high in children…it may look A LOT like many other Peds infections

A

TRUTH

38
Q

i. Bottom line: it’s bacterial meningitis until proven otherwise

A

truth

39
Q

Defined as disorders resulting from inherited defects of the immune system (both isolated and combined defects)

A
  1. Primary Immunodeficiency

- a. Defect may be present in any part (or multiple parts) of the immune system, including the humoral immune system

40
Q

Humoral immunodeficiency

A

impaired antibody (Ig) production

41
Q

Recurrent, severe URI/LRTI, including OM, sinusitis, pneumonia
Infection w/ encapsulated bacteria (Hib, S pneumo, N menigitidis, Group B strep, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi)

A

Primary immunodeficiency

42
Q

Most common immunodeficiency

A

Selective IgA Deficiency

43
Q

Deficiency of serum IgA (w/ normal IgG & IgM) in a child > 4 yo

A

Selective IgA Deficiency

44
Q

Selective IgA Deficiency MC symptoms

A

asymptomatic

45
Q

Any of the following:
Giardiasis (GI infection w Giardia lamblia, intestinal protozoan)
Family Hx of any primary immunodeficiency

A

Selective IgA Deficiency

46
Q

Impaired B-cell, T-cell and dendritic cell production impaired Ig production

A

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

47
Q 
Criteria:
Reduced serum IgA, IgG &amp; IgM
Presence of B-cells
Poor response (or no response) to vaccines
Absence of other immunodeficiency
A

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

48
Q

S/S:
Chronic or recurrent URI/LRTI
May develop bronchiectasis (even in peds!), watch for abnormal CXRs
GI infections
Diarrhea, malabsorption, weight loss FTT
Atopic triad

A

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

49
Q

A severe defect in both the T- & B-lymphocyte systems, which leads to early death from overwhelming infection, typically in the first year of life

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

50
Q

Multiple forms- most common form is X-linked (males only)
“bubble boy” disease
Part of newborn screening in all states

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

51
Q

Children may become ill from live vaccines: varicella, MMR, OPV or RV
Infant may not have a visible thymus on CXR

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

52
Q

Manifestations:
Persistent mucocutaneous candidiasis (thrush)
Death from common viral infections (CMV, VZV, EBV, HSV, flu, etc.)
P. jirovecii infection
Intrauterine graft-vs-host disease- caused by transplacental maternal T-cells
Lymphoma and other malignancies

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

53
Q

Therapy managed by Immunology

Stem cell transplantation

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

54
Q

Chromosomal deletion (22q11.2) affecting multiple body systems

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

55
Q

The most prevalent microdeletion syndrome in the US (up to 1/4000

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

56
Q

Immune dysfunction (hypoplastic thymus gland)
T-cell deficits; severity varies
Most severe form is considered a SCID
Cleft palate & other craniofacial abnormalities
Hypocalcemia (parathyroid hypoplasia)

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

57
Q

X-linked disorder caused by mutation in WASp protein

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

58
Q

Classic presentation
Susceptibility to infections (bacterial, viral, fungal)
Thrombocytopenia (plts are also SMALL)
Eczema

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

59
Q

SCT only curative treatment (stem cell transplant)

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

60
Q

Homozygous presentation:
progressive cerebellar ataxia (first sign), abnormal eye movements, other neurologic abnormalities, oculocutaneous telangiectasias, immune deficiency (esp. pulmonary infection), and malignancy

A

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

61
Q
  • Walk at normal age but don’t develop fluidity of gait, wobbly
  • Telangiectasias of the conjunctive, face, neck
A

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

Clinical Disaplines (7 decks)

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