Pediatric pharm Flashcards
why do infants have different absorption for IM injections?
They have less muscle mass and less perfusion to the tissue making absorption unpredictable
How do amylase and lipase differ in neonates?
Their levels are decreased
when does albumin levels in babies reach adult levels?
10-12 months
When does phase 1 metabolism slow in children?
around adolescents
What age is pediatric dosing considered the highest age
after 12 they start following adult dosing
What three methods are used for pediatric dosing?
age, weight, body surface area, and usual adult dose
when should you not round up the dose for pediatrics?
when there is a small therapeutic window or high risk of side effects
What is the optimal drug delivery route for infants?
IV
Why are topical medications absorbed better in neonates and infants than adults?
Stratum Corneum is thin and the ratios of BSA to weight is high
Why is oral delivery in pediatrics mainly affected?
Gastric pH is neutral and becomes more acidic after the first few weeks of life
______ doses of water-soluble drugs are required in children because they have a higher % of body water weight
Higher
Infants and children have _______ membrane permeability especially in regard to the blood brain barrier
Increased
How is metabolism in peds different?
They have lower levels of hepatic enzymes which increases the half-life of some drugs
How is excretion different in pediatrics?
Decreased GFR, reduced renal blood flow, and decreased tubular function leads to decreased excretion
When do renal functions mature and approach adult values?
3 months of age
How are pharmacodynamics different on pediatrics?
Immaturity or absence of receptors, inability of immature tissue or organs to respond to message
What is a important physiological factor to consider when weight based dosing?
Pediatric obesity may result in overdosing
What method is used for chemo calculation doses in pediatrics?
BSA
When should you not round up pediatric doses?
When there is a small therapeutic window, or risk of severe reactions
Should you use mL or tsp for pediatrics?
mL
