Antibiotucs Part 4 Flashcards
What is the best fluoroquinolone for anaerobic activity?
Moxifloxican
Are quinolones bactericidal or bacteriastatic
Bactericidal and are concentration dependent
Quinolones inhibit bacterial replication
They block the DNA replication pathway by clocking the unwinding DNA with DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase inhibition by binding to the A subunit
What is the most potentfluorquinolone against pseudomonas
Ciprofloxacin
Which quinolone was removed from market due to hepetotoxicty?
Trovofloxacin
What are the respiratoryfluoroquinolones?
Levofloxacin, moxifloxin, gemifloxacin
Which fluoroquinolone is used for complicated UTI and skin infections?
Levofloxacin
Which fluoroquinolone is used for pseudomonas, atypical bacteria, UTIs, prostatitis, anthrax, and travelers diarrhea?
Cipro
Which fluoroquinolone is similar to cipro but not effective against pseudomonas. Mostly used for urethritis and cervisitis
Ofloxacin
What are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolone in children?
Affects bone growth, teeth, cartilage, and could have tetragenic effects
What are the AEs of fluoroquinolone
Tendinitis, photoxicity, GI upset, QT prolongation, CNS stimulation, c diff infections, hepatotoxicity, blood glucose disturbance, and myasthenia gravis symptoms
What do all fluoroquinolones interact with?
Multivalent cation containing products like aluminum, magnesium, containing antacids, and products with zinc, iron, and calcium.
Which drug significantly inhibits fluoroquinolone
Sucralfate
What are the four first line TB drugs?
Isoiazid, Rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide
What happens when TB is in the CNS?
Meningitis or tumors
What are the initial intensive drugs for TB?
Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutal
What are the continuation drugs to take for 4-6 months after TB
INH and RIF
What is DOT for TB?
Directly observed therapy by watching the patient take the meds
What are the meds to take for latent TB?
Over 12 years old- Three months of once weekly INH and rifampine or four months daily rifampin.
2-11 years old 9 months of INH daily
What is given for resistant TB?
One or two antibiotics that the organism is susceptible to like Levofloxacin and ethambutol. Typically for 6-12 months but can be 18montys for multi drug resistant TB
What should consider in geriatric patients with TB?
Increased risk for toxic effects especially liver and CNS
What would you consider for pediatric patients with TB?
EMB, streptomycin, and cycloserine is not recommended for children
What should you consider in pregnant patients with TB
All drugs used are category C so you should only prescribe if necessary
What are AEs of the TB drug isoniazid (INH)
Neuropathy, nausea, hepatotoxicity, and optic neuritis
Is isoniazid able to cross the blood brain barrier,
Yes
Why should alcoholic avoid isoniazid?
There is a black box warning for hepatotoxicity
What can rifampin be used for?
TB and leprosy
How does rifampin work?
Inhibits DNA dependent RNA activity by forming a complex with the enzyme and suppresses the initiation of messenger RNA synthesis
What is ethambutol used for?
A bacteriastatic drug for mycobacterium
What does ethambutol interact with?
Aluminum salts
What are AEs of ethambutol
Gout, liver abnormalities, optic neuritis
