Pediatric Neuro Disorders

Question 1

s/s of hydrocephalus

Answer 1

bulging fontanels, high OFC, dilated scalp veins, sunsetting, irritability, poor feeding, vomiting, neuro deficits, seizure

Question 2

nursing interventions for hydrocephalus

Answer 2

measure OFCs, seizure precautions, TPN/NG, D5

Question 3

treatment for hydrocephalus

Answer 3

VP shunt - can get clogged/kinked or outgrown, teach parents to bring kid back in for s/s

Question 4

s/s of spina bifida

Answer 4

meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus, flaccid BLE, constipation, urine dribbling

Question 5

nursing interventions for meningomyelocele

Answer 5

prevent rupture; strict I&Os, straight cath, measure OFC, no rectal temps, NG/TPN, PT/OT consults

Question 6

post op meningomyelocele care

Answer 6

wound care, neuromuscular checks, I&Os, OFC, supine after 7-10 days, start PO slowly with speech

Question 7

causes of CP

Answer 7

MVA, anoxic injury during delivery

Question 8

s/s of CP

Answer 8

developmental delays, incontinent x2, clonus, asymmetric, arched back, scissoring, spasms, strabismus, vision, speech, & hearing impairments

Question 9

interventions for CP

Answer 9

splint limbs, prevent breakdown, ROM exercises, TPN/NG/peg feeds

Question 10

medications for CP

Answer 10

baclofen, botulinum toxin A, diazepam

Question 11

s/s of meningitis

Answer 11

lethargy, fever, seizures, bulging fontanel, nuchal rigidity, K&B signs

Question 12

Kernig’s sign

Answer 12

inability to straighten leg when hip is flexed - starts around preschool

Question 13

Brudzinski’s sign

Answer 13

hips & knees flex when neck is flexed - starts around preschool

Question 14

LP considerations

Answer 14

may need sedation, therapeutic holding, child life

Question 15

what LP results indicate infection

Answer 15

high WBC, high protein, low glucose, appears cloufy

Question 16

interventions for meningitis

Answer 16

iso preq’s, quiet, dim room, side lying

Question 17

medications for meningitis

Answer 17

abx, prednisone, dexamethasone, acetaminophen

Question 18

s/s of encephalitis

Answer 18

headache, dizziness, malaise, nuchal rigidity, AMS, fever, ataxia, seizure

Question 19

tx of encephalitis

Answer 19

LP identifies contagion, CT shows extent of inflammation

Question 20

interventions for encephalitis

Answer 20

ICP monitoring, antivirals, anticonvulsants, neuro checks, iso preq’s

Question 21

ketogenic diet

Answer 21

high fat, low carb diet; periodically test urine for ketones