Pediatric Neuro Disorders Flashcards
s/s of hydrocephalus
bulging fontanels, high OFC, dilated scalp veins, sunsetting, irritability, poor feeding, vomiting, neuro deficits, seizure
nursing interventions for hydrocephalus
measure OFCs, seizure precautions, TPN/NG, D5
treatment for hydrocephalus
VP shunt - can get clogged/kinked or outgrown, teach parents to bring kid back in for s/s
s/s of spina bifida
meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus, flaccid BLE, constipation, urine dribbling
nursing interventions for meningomyelocele
prevent rupture; strict I&Os, straight cath, measure OFC, no rectal temps, NG/TPN, PT/OT consults
post op meningomyelocele care
wound care, neuromuscular checks, I&Os, OFC, supine after 7-10 days, start PO slowly with speech
causes of CP
MVA, anoxic injury during delivery
s/s of CP
developmental delays, incontinent x2, clonus, asymmetric, arched back, scissoring, spasms, strabismus, vision, speech, & hearing impairments
interventions for CP
splint limbs, prevent breakdown, ROM exercises, TPN/NG/peg feeds
medications for CP
baclofen, botulinum toxin A, diazepam
s/s of meningitis
lethargy, fever, seizures, bulging fontanel, nuchal rigidity, K&B signs
Kernig’s sign
inability to straighten leg when hip is flexed - starts around preschool
Brudzinski’s sign
hips & knees flex when neck is flexed - starts around preschool
LP considerations
may need sedation, therapeutic holding, child life
what LP results indicate infection
high WBC, high protein, low glucose, appears cloufy
interventions for meningitis
iso preq’s, quiet, dim room, side lying
medications for meningitis
abx, prednisone, dexamethasone, acetaminophen
s/s of encephalitis
headache, dizziness, malaise, nuchal rigidity, AMS, fever, ataxia, seizure
tx of encephalitis
LP identifies contagion, CT shows extent of inflammation
interventions for encephalitis
ICP monitoring, antivirals, anticonvulsants, neuro checks, iso preq’s
ketogenic diet
high fat, low carb diet; periodically test urine for ketones
