Pediatric Heart Disease

Question 1

What are the causes of A cyanotic congenital heart disease?

Answer 1

-Ventricular septal defects (VSD), most common 30%
-Atrial septal defect (ASD)
-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
-Coarctation of the aorta
-Aortic valve stenosis

Question 2

What are the causes of cyanotic congenital heart disease?

Answer 2

-Tetralogy of (Commonest)
-Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)(Earliest)
-Tricuspid atresia
-Pulmonary valve stenosis

Question 3

What is the difference between coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch?

Answer 3

-Coarctation of the aorta:
It is narrowing of the aorta where the ductus arteriosus connects to the aorta.

-Interrupted aortic arch:
It is a severe form of aortic narrowing where one part of the aorta is disconnected from the rest of the aorta.

Question 4

What is the clinical picture of coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 4

The classical findings are high blood pressure in the arms compared to the legs and weak pulses felt in the legs (differential cyanosis)

Question 5

What is the clinical picture of interrupted aortic arch?

Answer 5

When the ductus arteriosus begins to close, the lower body receives too little blood flow which may result in bilateral lower limb ischemia, liver and kidney failure.

Question 6

What is the 4 characteristics of tatralogy of fallot?

Answer 6

-Pulmonary stenosis
-Thickened right ventricle wall
-VSD
-Aorta overrides septal defect