pediatric health promotion Flashcards
live attenuated vaccine
virtually identical to natural infection , produces a response
most are viral
one dose
inactivated vaccine
cannot replicate
requires multiple doses, antibody titer, and possible booster
recombinant vaccine
genetic engineering technology
HPV, Hep B
contraindications/ precautions of vaccine admin
condition that increases risk of serious adverse reactions
compromise in the ability of the vaccine to produce immunity
allergies, previous reaction, current infection, vax in past 4 months
6 rights of medication administration
right patient
right vaccine
right time
right dose
right route/size
right documentation
subQ route
thigh or outer arm
40* angle
5/8” needle, 23-25 gauge
IM route
thigh or deltoid
90* angle
22-25 gauge, 5/8” - 1” needle
multiple vaccinations
separate injections by 1 inch
use combo vaccines when possible to reduce number of injections
bacterial infections
pneumococcal
meningococcal
diphtheria
tetanus
pertussis
hemophilus influenza type b
tuberculosis
diphtheria
exudate from tonsils and pharynx
URI symptoms - sore throat, fever, cough, white/gray membranes
droplet and standard precautions
pertusis
direct contact from resp. droplets
URI symptoms - fever, cough, sore throat
short, rapid cough followed by crowing
droplet precautions
chicken pox (varicella)
herpes zoster shingles
slight fever, malaise, pruritic rash (erupts)
rash begins on head, then trunk, leads to extremities
droplet and airborne precautions
measles (rubeola)
incubation 10-12 days
fever 103-105*, malaise, cough
koplick spots on mucosa
rash 2-4 days on face and upper neck, lasts for 5-6 days
airborne precautions until day 5 of rash
(german measles) rubella
incubation 12-23 days
low grade fever, headache, malaise, maculopapular rash 14-17days
pneumococcal
oneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, otitis media(ear ache), sinusitis, localized infection
droplet precautions
rotavirus
dehydrating diarrhea with fever and vomiting
scarlet fever
abrupt high fever, large tonsils, white strawberry tongue, sandpaper like- pink rash
droplet precautions until 24hrs of ABX
viral infections
rubeola
rubella
varicella
rotavirus
Hep A& B
management of poisonings
side-lying, sitting or kneeling position with head below chest to prevent aspirations
activated charcoal
decontamination
must be given within 1 hour of ingestion
body is unable to absorb charcoal, so the toxins bind to it allowing it to be excreted
excreted as feces
acetaminophen poisoning antidote
N acetylcysteine
monoxide inhalation antidote
oxygen
opioid overdose antidote
naloxone (narcan)
benzodiazepines antidote
romazicon
digoxin toxicity antidote
digibond
cyanide antidote
amyl nitrate
poisonous bites antidote
antivenin
lead poisoning cause
presence of blood lead level over 5 mcg/dL
occurs with ingestion/inhalation of lead-based paint chip/dust, contaminated water, soil, toys or jewelry
most common : peeling lead based paint
BLL
blood lead level
should be LESS than 5mcg/dL
lead poisoning treatment
chelation therapy
calcium disodium edetate IV/IM
british antilewisite IM
soccimer (DSMA) oral (19days)
excreted thru urine
lead poisoning levels of prevention
primary: reduce environmental exposure
secondary: screening of lead poisoning at 1&2 yrs
tertiary: chelation therapy
DTap vaccine prevents
diphtheira, tetanus, pertussis
Hib vaccine prevents
haemophilus infuenzae type b
MMR vaccine prevents
measles, mumps, rubella
PCV15 vaccine prevents
pneumococcal
IPV vaccine prevents
poliovirus
Tdap vaccine prevents
tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis
