growth and development all stages Flashcards
infant specific characteristics
birth - 12 months
tremendous growth
toddler specific characteristics
12- 36 months
negativism, ritualistic
throw temper tantrums
imitate behaviors of others
seperation anxiety
preschool stage specific characteristics
3-6 years
growth slows
takes initiative and tries new things
imagination and creativity
animism- inanimate objects come to life
school age specific characteristics
6-12 years
maturity increases
bullying, cheating, lying
increased independence
makes friends, becomes more important
becomes self confident
adolescent specific characteristics
11-21 years
risk taking behaviors
child transition to adults
rapid and variable growth
storm and stress years
strabismus
baby looks cross eyed
object permanence
things exist even when not insight
primitive reflexes
involuntary
sucking, rooting, babinski
protective reflexes
develop after the disappearance of primitive reflexes
not present till 12months of age
colic
abd pain or cramping manifested by loud crying
draws legs up to abdomen
more than 3 hrs per day, 3x a week, lasting 3 months
meconium
babys first stool
thick and green
egocentric
believes world revolves around them
focused on self only
food jags
present foods in various physical forms
genu valgum
knock- knees
early preschool period
tanner staging
teach children what they are going thru during puberty
male puberty
TS 1-2 testicular enlargement
TS 3-5 growth spurt, body hair
TS 5 increased muscle mass
female puberty
TS 1-2 breast buds, pubic/ axillary hair, growth spurt
TS 3-5 peak growth
TS 5 increased muscle mass
seperation anxiety
toddler stage
child becomes distressed or clingy when seperated from primary caregiver
EMLA
conscious sedation
unconscious sedation
infant major milestones
roll back to side 3-4 months
crawl 8-9 months
walk 12-14 months
crying, babbling 6 months
teething 6-7 months
toddler major milestones
moves independently 15 months
sleeps 11-12 hrs , one nap/day
increased curiousity 13-15 months
toilet training 18-24 months
all baby teeth by 3yrs
adolescent major milestones
sleep 12 hr/night
dental - need flossing/brushing supervision
poor body boundaries
birth length doubles by 4yrs
school age major milestones
independently take care of self
parents influence childs behavior, manners, personality
some primary teeth lost, and replaced by permanent teeth
more social
infant nutrition
breast milk 1st choice first 6 months of life
alternative: iron-fortified formula
NO cow milk, no honey
4-6 ox 100% fruit juice at 6 months
intro to solid foods at 6months
finger foods at 9 months
toddler nutrition
let toddler eat what they want and ask for
3 meals, 2 snacks/day
grazing(nibbling& snacking)
1000-1400kcal/day
limit fruit juice 4-6oz/day
iron fortified cereal, iron rich foods
preschool nutrition
3 meals, 1 or 2 snacks/day
apples, peanut butter, cheese cubes, pretzels
do not force child to eat
1400-1600 cals
16oz/day of milk
small portions
100mL/kg/day fluids
protein 13-19 g/day
adolescent nutrition
MyPlate eating guide
increased nutritional need based on growth
male calories 2400-3200mg
female calories 1600-1800mg
school age nutrition
60 mins physical activity per day
quality of diet, eat together
decrease sodium 1200-1500mg/day
stay away from fast food and sugary drinks
of teeth assessment
age of child in months - 6 = # of teeth they should have
injury prevention and anticipatory guidance
help parents let go and promote independence in child
no texting an driving/ no speeding
screen for hypertension, obesity
immunizations
breast and testicular exams
