Pediatric Growth and Development Flashcards
How much weight (in oz.) does a neonate gain weekly for first 6 mos.?
5-7 oz.
For neonate, which is larger, the head circumference or the torso circumference?
Head circumference
Which reflex is the “startle reflex” (when making a loud noise or a sudden change in position).
Moro reflex
Which reflex is touching the side of the mouth causes the infant to turn toward that side?
Rooting reflex
Which reflex will have infant assume a “fencing position” when laid supine and head turned to one side?
Tonic neck reflex
Which reflex will cause the hands and feet to grasp when stimulated?
Grasp reflex
Which reflex will cause fanning of toes when the sole of the foot is stroked upwards?
Babinski reflex
When should all (except Babinski reflex) be gone (Test question)
4 months
True or False: Neonate Doubles birth weight by 5-6 months and Quadruples by 1 year?
False. Will Double by 5-6 months and Triples by 1 year.
How much does the neonate increase length by 1 year?
50%
When do the posterior and anterior fontanels close (they close at different times) (Test Question)
Posterior fontanel: 2-3 mos.
Anterior fontanel: 12-18 mos.
When does the infant begin to crawl?
10 mos.
When can an infant stand while holding furniture?
9 mos.
When should an infant sit up without support?
8 mos.
When should an infant walk well with one hand held?
12 mos.
When should an infant desire to grasp?
3 mos.
When should an infant demonstrate a pincer grasp (unrefined version)?
10 mos.
What is the first solid food that should be introduced to an infant and when should it be introduced?
Rice Cereal, at 5-6 mos.
How many new foods should be introduced each week to assess for allergies?
1 new food/week
When should fruits or veggies be introduced? Which one should be introduced first and why?
Introduced at 6-8 mos.
Veggies should be introduced first, because may dislike veggies if given fruit first.
When can honey be introduced to the diet?
1 year
When can car seats be switched to forward-facing (*2 criteria)
2 years old AND 20 lbs.
When does a toddler achieve 90% of adult-size brain growth?
2 years
When should a toddler be able to jump in place?
18 mos.
When should a toddler be able to run fairly well?
24 mos.
When should a toddler be able to use a cup well?
15 mos.
When should a toddler know his/her own name by?
12 mos.
When should a toddler be able to follow simple directions by?
2 years.
When should a toddler be able to put 2 words together? 3 words together?
2 words = 2 years
3 words = 3 years
How much milk should we limit for toddlers to prevent iron-deficiency anemia?
32 oz/day
True or False: Toddlers begin to be able to play make-believe and imitate adults?
True
True or false: Toddlers prefer new stories?
False, toddlers prefer Repetitive stories
How much weight should preschool age (3-6 years) children gain yearly?
4-5 lbs/year
How much height should a preschool age (3-6 years) child gain yearly?
2-3 inches/year
When should a child be able to skip and hop on 1 foot?
4 years
When should a child be able to throw and catch a ball?
5 years
What sort of play do preschool age (3-6 years) typically engage in?
Same-sex role play
How much weight should a school-age (6-12 years) child gain yearly?
5 lbs/year
How much height should a school-age (6-12 years) child gain yearly?
1-2 inches
True or False: School-age (6-12 years) children are able to comprehend rules and rituals in games?
True. Enjoy team sports
What is the adolescent weight gain (different between boys and girls)?
Girls: 15-55 lbs
Boys: 15-65 lbs
What is the leading cause of death in adolescence?
Accidents
For hospitalized toddlers, what is the greatest threat to psychological and emotional integrity?
Separation from parents
True or False: Regression is normal for a hospitalized toddler?
True. May begin losing learned skills, such as toilet training.
How many primary teeth should a toddler have?
All 20 primary teeth
When does voluntary sphincter control begin?
18-24 mos.
How do toddlers express “negativism”?
By saying “No!”
How do toddlers reason what is bad and what is good?
Punishment = Bad
Not Punished = Good
Which Erickson stage are toddlers experiencing?
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
