GI Medications Flashcards by Adam Green

Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

Gastric Protectant

Suppresses gastric acid secretion, prevents ulcers from NSAIDs

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Q

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A

Gastric Protectant

Creates protective barrier from acid and pepsin

*Give on empty stomach

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Q

Pirenzepine (Gastrozepine)

A

Muscarinic Antagonist. Suppresses gastric acid secretion

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Q

Histamine 2 (H2)-Receptor Antagonists

A

Suppresses gastric acid secretion

 - Alleviates symptoms of heartburn
 - Prevents stress ulcers
 - Promotes healing in GERD

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Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

Histamine 2 (H2)-Receptor Antagonists

Suppresses gastric acid secretion

 - Alleviates symptoms of heartburn
 - Prevents stress ulcers
 - Promotes healing in GERD

Side effects: Confusion

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Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

Histamine 2 (H2)-Receptor Antagonists

Suppresses gastric acid secretion

 - Alleviates symptoms of heartburn
 - Prevents stress ulcers
 - Promotes healing in GERD

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Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

Histamine 2 (H2)-Receptor Antagonists

Suppresses gastric acid secretion

 - Alleviates symptoms of heartburn
 - Prevents stress ulcers
 - Promotes healing in GERD

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Q

Nizatidine (Axid)

A

Histamine 2 (H2)-Receptor Antagonists

Suppresses gastric acid secretion

 - Alleviates symptoms of heartburn
 - Prevents stress ulcers
 - Promotes healing in GERD

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Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Suppress gastric acid secretion

-Treats active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis

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Q

Esomeprazole (Nexium)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Suppress gastric acid secretion
-Treats active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis

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Q

Lansoprazole (Prevacid)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Suppress gastric acid secretion
-Treats active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis

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Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Suppress gastric acid secretion
-Treats active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis

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Q

Pantoprazole (Protonix)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Suppress gastric acid secretion
-Treats active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis

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Q

Raberprazole (Aciphex)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Suppress gastric acid secretion
-Treats active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis

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Q

Medication Regimen for Treating H. pylori infections

A

Antibiotics and PPI. Purpose is to protect the ulcer and kill the bacteria.

Triple Therapy
-Esomeprazole (Nexium), Amoxicillin (Amoxil), Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

or

Quadruple Therapies

 - Esomeprazole (Nexium), Metronidazole (Flagyl), tetracycline, bismuth subsalicylate
 - Ranitidine (Zantac), Metronidazole (Flagyl), tetracycline, bismuth subsalicylate

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Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Prokinetic Agent. Increases gastric emptying. Used to treat gastric reflux, vomiting, and paralytic ileus.

*Contraindicated in obstruction, hemorrhage, or perforation

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Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants

A

Helps rid body of bile salts through the feces.
-Treats hypercholesterolemia, biliary obstruction, pruritus associated with biliary disease

*Note: Can worsen suspected bowel obstruction or severe constipation

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Q

Colesevelam (Welchol)

A

Bile Acid Sequestrant

Helps rid body of bile salts through the feces.
-Treats hypercholesterolemia, biliary obstruction, pruritus associated with biliary disease

*Note: Can worsen suspected bowel obstruction or severe constipation

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Q

Cholestryamine (Questran, Prevalite)

A

Bile Acid Sequestrant

Helps rid body of bile salts through the feces.
-Treats hypercholesterolemia, biliary obstruction, pruritus associated with biliary disease

*Note: Can worsen suspected bowel obstruction or severe constipation

Q

Colestipol (Colestid)

A

Bile Acid Sequestrant

Helps rid body of bile salts through the feces.
-Treats hypercholesterolemia, biliary obstruction, pruritus associated with biliary disease

*Note: Can worsen suspected bowel obstruction or severe constipation

Q

Lactulose (Constulose, Enulose)

A

Treats hepatic encephalopathy by increasing peristalsis to expel ammonia in stool.

Q

Pancreatic Enzyme Replacements

A

Increases pancreatic enzymes to improve nutritional status and reduce the amount of fatty stools.

Q

Pancreatin

A

Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement

Increases pancreatic enzymes to improve nutritional status and reduce the amount of fatty stools.

Q

Pancrelipase IPancrease MT, Viokase, Lipram, Pancrecarb MS)

A

Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement

Increases pancreatic enzymes to improve nutritional status and reduce the amount of fatty stools.

Medications to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)

1. ) Antimicrobials - Prevent infections 2. ) 5-Aminosalicylates - Decrease gastrointestinal inflammation 3. ) Corticosteroids - Anti-inflammatory 4. ) Immunosupressants 5. ) Immunomodulators - Induce and maintain remission

Alosetron (Lotronex)

Treats severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Lubiprostone (Amitiza)

Treats irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by increasing intestinal motility and passage of stools to reduce abdominal pain

Tegaserod (Zelnorm)

Treats irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by decreasing visceral sensation and increasing GI motility and secretions

Antiemetics

Used to control vomiting and motion sickness *May cause drowsiness, protect from injury

Bulk-forming laxatives

Absorb water into feces and increase bulk to produce large, soft stools * Contraindicated in bowel obstruction * May cause dehydration

Methylcellulose (Citrucel)

Bulk-forming laxative Absorb water into feces and increase bulk to produce large, soft stools * Contraindicated in bowel obstruction * May cause dehydration

Polycarbophil (FiberCon)

Bulk-forming laxative Absorb water into feces and increase bulk to produce large, soft stools * Contraindicated in bowel obstruction * May cause dehydration

Psyllium (Metamucil)

Bulk-forming laxative Absorb water into feces and increase bulk to produce large, soft stools * Contraindicated in bowel obstruction * May cause dehydration

Stimulant Laxatives

Stimulate motility of large intestine

Bisacodyl (Correctol, Dulcolax, Feen-a-mint, Fleet laxative)

Stimulant Laxative Stimulate motility of large intestine

Senna (Senokot Ex-Lax)

Stimulant Laxative Stimulate motility of large intestine

Surfactant Laxatives

Inhibit absorption of water so fecal mass remains large and soft. Used to avoid straining

Ducosate sodium

Surfactant Laxative Inhibit absorption of water so fecal mass remains large and soft. Used to avoid straining

Osmotic Laxatives

Attract water into large intestine to produce bulk and stimulate peristalsis

Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)

Osmotic laxative Attract water into large intestine to produce bulk and stimulate peristalsis

Magnesium citrate (Citrate of Magnesia)

Osmotic laxative Attract water into large intestine to produce bulk and stimulate peristalsis

Sodium phosphates (Fleet enema, Fleet Phospho-Soda)

Osmotic laxative Attract water into large intestine to produce bulk and stimulate peristalsis

Polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (GoLYTELY)

Osmotic laxative Attract water into large intestine to produce bulk and stimulate peristalsis

Lubricant Laxatives

Soften the feces, ease the strain of passing stool, and lessen irritation to hemorrhoids

Mineral Oil

Lubricant laxative Soften the feces, ease the strain of passing stool, and lessen irritation to hemorrhoids