Pediatric assessment and intervention Flashcards
Rational Intervention (RI) color-coded zones
- Green-zone: behaviors that are appropriate and acceptable
- Yellow-zone: behaviors that are slightly problematic and require additional observation
- Red-zone: behaviors that require immediate intervention because child or others are at risk due to negative behaviors
Form constancy
The recognition that forms and objects remain the same in various environments, positions, and sizes
Visual closure
Identification of forms or objects from incomplete representations
Figure ground
The ability to perceive a form visually and to find this form hidden in conglomerated ground or model
Position in space
The determination of the spatial relationship of figures and objects to oneself or other forms/objects
Spatial relations
The analysis of forms and patterns in relation to one’s own body and space that helps judge distance
Depth perception
The determination of relative distance between objects, figures, or landmarks and the individual as well as changes in planes or surfaces
SETT
Student, Environment, Task, Tools; helps determine AT needs for students
- Student: area of concern
- Environment: Arrangement, support, materials, equipment, access
- Task: enable progress toward mastery of IEP goals and objectives
- Tools: devices, services, strategies, training, accommodations and modifications needed
Specific learning disabilities
- Dyslexia: difficulty with reading
- Dysgraphia: difficulty with writing
- Dyscalculia: difficulty with math
Disorders associated with learning disabilities
- disordered motor function (dyspraxia)
- educational disorders
- attention and concentration disorders
- thinking and memory disorders
- Sensory integration and perception disorders
- Psychosocial problems
Tonic-clonic seizure
Most frequent type of seizure; loss of consciousness and rhythmic clonic contractions
-Lasts around 5 minutes
Absent seizure
Brief lapse or loss of awareness along with absence of motor activity; may look like daydreaming
-lasts around 30 seconds
Myclonic seizure
Contraction of a single muscle or muscle group
Akinetic seizure
Loss of muscle tone for more than 30 seconds
Status epilectus
extended seizure
Fragile X syndrome
Genetic disorder; children present with intellectual disability and craniofacial deformities (elongated face, prominent jaw and forehead, etc.)
Neurofibromatosis syndrome
Multiple tumors in central and peripheral nerves; children will present with short stature and skeletal anomalies, usually coupled with intellectual impairments/learning disabilities and speech disorders
Williams syndrome
Children present with cerebral and cardiovascular abnormalities and intellectual deficits, but characteristic affinity for music, social skills, and writing
Ideation praxis
Ability to conceptualize and identify a motor goal and ways to achieve this goal
Motor organization
Ability to plan and organize a series of intentional motor actions in response to environmental demands
Feed-forward praxis
Process of sending a motor plan to the brain, comparing previous performance, and detecting potential errors in the plan before or after execution
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD) progression
Progresses quickly and children often need wheelchairs by age 9
Neurodevelopmental approach for handwriting
Approach is ideal for children with poor posture control, poor autonomic reactions, and limited limb control (low tine and poor stability)
-includes focus on modulating muscle tone, promote proximal joint stability, and improve hand function
Acquisitioned approach for handwriting
Handwriting is taught directly in brief, daily, individualized lessons
Sensorimotor approach for handwriting
Multisensory input is provided to enhance integration of sensory systems
-includes multiple writing tools, writing surfaces, various media, and altered seating position
Biomechanical approach for handwriting
Focus is on ergonomic factors that influence writing
Psychosocial approach for handwriting
intervention focuses on improving self-control, coping skills, and social behaviors
Interventions for sequencing issue in children with autism
Clients with autism benefit from the use of visual supports, such as pictures; using pictures may help them recall steps so that the child can perform them in the correct order
Functional play
Functional play uses real objects to re-create real-life situations
-example: pretending to feed dolls
Best tool to document intensity, severity, and duration of pediatric client’s mental health symptoms?
Life events inventory
Optimal desk seating for child in school
The desk should be positioned 2 inches above the child’s flexed elbows when the child is seated in the chair with the feet on the ground
-This position allows for weight shifts and postural adjustments as well as optimal muscle synergy and symmetry during seatwork.
Low introceptive sensory skills related to autism
Interoception is the ability to perceive information from inside the body. Children with autism spectrum disorders typically have difficulties with toileting because of insufficient ability to perceive the need to urinate and eliminate
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
PDA is a heart defect that is common in premature children and people with Down syndrome. A defect of the ductus arteriosus results in a lack of constriction, which may result in heart failure and inadequate oxygenation of the brain.
Congenital syphilis symptoms
Congenital syphilis may result in osteochondritis at the joints, other bone anomalies, dental anomalies, and visual and auditory deficits. PROM may be painful.
What age to children typically begin to crawl?
9 months
