Pediatric assessment and intervention

Question 1

Rational Intervention (RI) color-coded zones

Answer 1

• Green-zone: behaviors that are appropriate and acceptable
• Yellow-zone: behaviors that are slightly problematic and require additional observation
• Red-zone: behaviors that require immediate intervention because child or others are at risk due to negative behaviors

Question 2

Form constancy

Answer 2

The recognition that forms and objects remain the same in various environments, positions, and sizes

Question 3

Visual closure

Answer 3

Identification of forms or objects from incomplete representations

Question 4

Figure ground

Answer 4

The ability to perceive a form visually and to find this form hidden in conglomerated ground or model

Question 5

Position in space

Answer 5

The determination of the spatial relationship of figures and objects to oneself or other forms/objects

Question 6

Spatial relations

Answer 6

The analysis of forms and patterns in relation to one’s own body and space that helps judge distance

Question 7

Depth perception

Answer 7

The determination of relative distance between objects, figures, or landmarks and the individual as well as changes in planes or surfaces

Question 8

SETT

Answer 8

Student, Environment, Task, Tools; helps determine AT needs for students

• Student: area of concern
• Environment: Arrangement, support, materials, equipment, access
• Task: enable progress toward mastery of IEP goals and objectives
• Tools: devices, services, strategies, training, accommodations and modifications needed

Question 9

Specific learning disabilities

Answer 9

• Dyslexia: difficulty with reading
• Dysgraphia: difficulty with writing
• Dyscalculia: difficulty with math

Question 10

Disorders associated with learning disabilities

Answer 10

• disordered motor function (dyspraxia)
• educational disorders
• attention and concentration disorders
• thinking and memory disorders
• Sensory integration and perception disorders
• Psychosocial problems

Question 11

Tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 11

Most frequent type of seizure; loss of consciousness and rhythmic clonic contractions
-Lasts around 5 minutes

Question 12

Absent seizure

Answer 12

Brief lapse or loss of awareness along with absence of motor activity; may look like daydreaming
-lasts around 30 seconds

Question 13

Myclonic seizure

Answer 13

Contraction of a single muscle or muscle group

Question 14

Akinetic seizure

Answer 14

Loss of muscle tone for more than 30 seconds

Question 15

Status epilectus

Answer 15

extended seizure

Question 16

Fragile X syndrome

Answer 16

Genetic disorder; children present with intellectual disability and craniofacial deformities (elongated face, prominent jaw and forehead, etc.)

Question 17

Neurofibromatosis syndrome

Answer 17

Multiple tumors in central and peripheral nerves; children will present with short stature and skeletal anomalies, usually coupled with intellectual impairments/learning disabilities and speech disorders

Question 18

Williams syndrome

Answer 18

Children present with cerebral and cardiovascular abnormalities and intellectual deficits, but characteristic affinity for music, social skills, and writing

Question 19

Ideation praxis

Answer 19

Ability to conceptualize and identify a motor goal and ways to achieve this goal

Question 20

Motor organization

Answer 20

Ability to plan and organize a series of intentional motor actions in response to environmental demands

Question 21

Feed-forward praxis

Answer 21

Process of sending a motor plan to the brain, comparing previous performance, and detecting potential errors in the plan before or after execution

Question 22

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD) progression

Answer 22

Progresses quickly and children often need wheelchairs by age 9

Question 23

Neurodevelopmental approach for handwriting

Answer 23

Approach is ideal for children with poor posture control, poor autonomic reactions, and limited limb control (low tine and poor stability)
-includes focus on modulating muscle tone, promote proximal joint stability, and improve hand function

Question 24

Acquisitioned approach for handwriting

Answer 24

Handwriting is taught directly in brief, daily, individualized lessons

Question 25

Sensorimotor approach for handwriting

Answer 25

Multisensory input is provided to enhance integration of sensory systems
-includes multiple writing tools, writing surfaces, various media, and altered seating position

Question 26

Biomechanical approach for handwriting

Answer 26

Focus is on ergonomic factors that influence writing

Question 27

Psychosocial approach for handwriting

Answer 27

intervention focuses on improving self-control, coping skills, and social behaviors

Question 28

Interventions for sequencing issue in children with autism

Answer 28

Clients with autism benefit from the use of visual supports, such as pictures; using pictures may help them recall steps so that the child can perform them in the correct order

Question 29

Functional play

Answer 29

Functional play uses real objects to re-create real-life situations
-example: pretending to feed dolls

Question 30

Best tool to document intensity, severity, and duration of pediatric client’s mental health symptoms?

Answer 30

Life events inventory

Question 31

Optimal desk seating for child in school

Answer 31

The desk should be positioned 2 inches above the child’s flexed elbows when the child is seated in the chair with the feet on the ground
-This position allows for weight shifts and postural adjustments as well as optimal muscle synergy and symmetry during seatwork.

Question 32

Low introceptive sensory skills related to autism

Answer 32

Interoception is the ability to perceive information from inside the body. Children with autism spectrum disorders typically have difficulties with toileting because of insufficient ability to perceive the need to urinate and eliminate

Question 33

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 33

PDA is a heart defect that is common in premature children and people with Down syndrome. A defect of the ductus arteriosus results in a lack of constriction, which may result in heart failure and inadequate oxygenation of the brain.

Question 34

Congenital syphilis symptoms

Answer 34

Congenital syphilis may result in osteochondritis at the joints, other bone anomalies, dental anomalies, and visual and auditory deficits. PROM may be painful.

Question 35

What age to children typically begin to crawl?

Answer 35

9 months