Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatric > pediatric allergy > Flashcards

pediatric allergy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common chronic respiratory disorder in childhood?

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define asthma3

A

it is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation. history of respiratory symptoms: wheezes, shortness of breath , chest tightness, cough that vary over time and in intensity with expitatory airflow limitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the ratio of asthma between boys and girls before and after puberty

A

2:1 before and equal after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the age of onset of asthma

A

at any age mostly before 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the pathophysiology?

A

when the child is subjected to a precipitating risk factor , the mast cells release cytokines that leads to: constriction, ++mucus, mucosal edema, cellular inflilitartion and desquamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

normall the airways are narrower in expiration

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

airway obstruction may lead to:4

A

area of hyperinflation
area of segmental atelectasis
alveolar hypoventilation: hypoxia, acidosis
ventilation perfusion mismatch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the asthma triggers6

A
  1. allergens: house dust………
  2. viral infection:respiratiory syncytial virus RSV
  3. cold air and exercise induced asthma
    4, emotional and psychological
  4. drugs as asprin and nsads
  5. pollutants, smoke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

items in diagnosis of asthma6

A

history1
2. physical examination: normal in free intervals, prolonged expiration - or + exp rhonchi in symptomatic periods accouding to the severity
3. objective measurment of air flow: PEFM and spirometry
4 . assessment of atopy
5. others: chest x ray, blood eosinophilia
6. DD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most common cause of wheezing in children

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do you call the level of treatment required to control symptoms and exacerbations?

A

assessing severity of asthma as a chronic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

items in assessing acute attacks of asthma 10

A

talk,look, rate , rate, wheeze,conscious , O2, CO2, pEFM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the difference in the assessment of asthma control between 5y and 6-11y?2

A

in older : day time symptoms,
need reliever medications more than twice a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the objectives in management asthma?4

A

1.Treat: of the acute attacks
2.Prevent: by controllers
3. Avoid the triggers
4. educate:patient and family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

see page 111

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the goals and primary therapies for asthma excacerbations?4

A
  1. Oxygen:maintenance of adequate o saturation
  2. Relief: the obstruction by rapid acting beta agonist
  3. inflammation: reduction with early systemic corticosteroides
  4. monitor: response to treatment with clinical assessment of lung functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mild and moderate managing of acute exacerbations : lines 3+consider

A
  1. short acting beta2 agonist
    consider ipratropium bromide
  2. controlled o to maintain saturation 93-95 children :94-95
    3.oral corticosteroides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

while asthma acute in severe

A

if drowsy and confused =ICU or
good mentality: same as mild and moderate but1. i will use ipratropium
2. consider IV magniesium
3.consider high dose of ICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

both cases of acute finaally iw

A

Assessment :1. clinical progress 2.lung function after one hour of initial treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

management of acute severe asthma: life threatening condition5

A
  1. Hospitalization in ICU 2. Oxygen: to correct hypoxemia
  2. IV fluid therapy: maintenance therapy 4. drug therapy : separete question
  3. mechanical ventilation: WHen?? withA. marked CO2 retention above 55mmhg
    B.severe hypoxemia, C.severe acidosis orD. disturbed consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the drug therapy in life threatening asthma5

A
  1. Nebulized salbutamol: 0.25-0.5 ml added to 2-3 ml saline every 1-2 hours
  2. IV salbutamol: by infusion under continuous monitor
  3. IV methyl prednisolone 2mg\kg first dose followed by 2mg\kg\24 divided \6h
    or IV hydrocortisone:5-10mg\kg every 6hours
  4. IV magnesium sulphate:25-75 mg\kg once slowly by infusion over 60min
  5. IVaminophylline: 5mg\kg slow every 6 hours or 1mg\kg\hour
22
Q

when the asthma controllers are indicated

A

in persistent asthma

23
Q

what are the long term control medications for asthma 8

A

leukotriene receptor antagonist : montelukast
anti-IgE , anti interleukin-5
anti-cholenergic
cromones
immunotherapy:NOT more than THREE allergen…NOT under FIVE years

24
Q

stepwise for long term sthma in 5 y:
infrequent viral wheezing or few interval symptoms??

A

NOthing

25
Q

5y:symptoms not well controlled or exacerbations in 3y and up
which step

A

step 2:preferred : daily low dose ICS
other: LTRA or intermittent ICS

26
Q

symptoms not well controlled on low dose ICS
step??

A

step 3:preferred: Double low dose ICS
other: low dose+ LTRA

27
Q

symptoms not well controlled on double dose of ics
step??

A

4
preferred:continue and refer to specialist
other; add ltra or increase ics frequency or intermittent ics

28
Q

symptoms less twice \onth for 6-11
step

A

1
pr:no
oth:daily low Ics or low ics with saba

29
Q

symptoms twice or more \month but not daily step?

A

2
p:daily low ics
other:daily ltra or low ics with saba

30
Q

symptoms most days or waking from as once or more \week
step

A

3
pref:low ics - laba or medium ics
oth:low ics+ltra

31
Q

low lung function

A

4
prf:medium ics-laba and refer for advice
oth: high dose ics-laba or add on tiotropium or add on ltra

32
Q

short course of ocs

A

5
p: refer for phenotypic +- anti IgE
oth: add on anti-IL5 or add on low ocs

33
Q

what should you consider in stepping up?4

A
  1. uncontrolled symptoms
  2. exacerbations or risks
  3. check: diagnosis, inhaler technique , adherence first
34
Q

what should you do when stepping down2

A
  1. symptoms controlled for 3 months + low risk for exacerbations
  2. stopping ics is not advised
35
Q

etiology of allergic rih and conjunctivitis

A

seasonal allergic: pollens
perennial: house mite pets

36
Q

what is CP of allergic rhi

A

coryza
conjunctivitis
sneezing
itching of nose……assoctioation : eczem.asth. sinust

37
Q

whaat si th e trtt of allergic rhi

A
  1. 2nd antihistamicns:topical or systemic
    .2. leukoterine antagonis , topicl corticosterid
    3, immunotherapy
38
Q

food allergy is rare 6-8% may be igE or non igE

A
39
Q

what the cp of food allergy:5

A

1.skin ; itching , eczema , swelling of lips , face , tongue , throat
2. respiratory: wheezing , nasal congestion , bad breathing
3. abdomen: distension , diarrhea, nausea vomiting
4, cns:dizziness
5,cvs: anaphylaxis

40
Q

what is the onset of food allergy symptoms?

A

few minutes to 2 hours
even after 1st time of ingestion

41
Q

symptoms of food allergy 5 : skin, res. cvs, cns, abo

A

itching swelling lip……throt
wheezing bad breath, nasal
pain. diarrhea, nause vomiting
dizzines
anaphylaxis

42
Q

how to diagnosis the food allergy4

A
  1. typical history of exposure
  2. gold stander: double blind placebo controlled food challenge
    3.skin prick test
  3. measurment of specific IgE
43
Q

ttt of food allergy:2

A

avoide
epinephrine IM in severe

44
Q

incidence of atopic eczema or atopic dermatitis is very common

A
45
Q

cp of atop derma:
onset of it:?

A

almost always before 5 years

46
Q

all ages can be affected by atopic derma

A
47
Q

treatment of derma atop:general , medications

A

1.avoid hot baths medications:1.corticosteriod cream
2. oral antihistaminces
3. some case oral cortesione
2.soft cotton clothes
3. moisturizing ointments
.4.cool compresses of areas

48
Q

urticaria may be acute or chronic more than 6 weeks which usually non allergic in orgin

A
49
Q

what is the etiology of urticaria?5

A

q1idiopathic
2. infection
3. igE mediatied: food, blood , drugs:pencillin
4. pharmacological: foods containing histamine releasing sub:strawbe,egg,white cheese
asprin non ster
5.physical: heat , cold , pressure

50
Q

acute urticaria is self limited , adrenalin insevere, short course oral cotrt for sever

A

insect bite:mild local, mod:generlized swelling or severt. :systemic
child with only mild mod are UNlikely to severe
who had severe carry adrenalin

Pediatric (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions