Nutrition Breastfeeding.lec 3 Flashcards
At puberty what is the hormone for Ducts development of breast?
Estrogen
At puberty what is the hormone for Ducts development of breast?
Estrogen
which part of mammary gland the progesterone will develop at puberty
alveoli
estrogen, progesterone, placental h at pregnancy
breast development
at pregnancy prolactin is inhibited by
placental hormones
stages of lactations
colostrum, transitional, mature milk
compare between colostrum and mature milk
11 items( time, color, consistency, amount, calories, specific gravity, pH, protein, carb, lipid, minerals)
first 3 day……..2-3 weeks, yellowsih… white, thick… thin, 60ml\day… 1-2 liter\D, 57kcal\dl…67
1040-1060( higher)…. 1020-1040 , alkaline … acidic, 8 gram higher)…. 1.3 gram, 5.5 gram(lower)…6.7, 3 gram(lower….. 3.5 gram, 4 gram(higher) … 0.25 gram
Advantages of breast feeding : 1. infant 2. mother 3. both
for infanta:
- Nutritional 2.Immunological 3. General
what are the nutritional advantages for the infant
a. Composition of various nutrients is in proportions ideal for the infants needs:
water:87.5%………calories: 67kcal\100ml…….CHO:7 grams%……fats:3.5% grams ….protein:1.2%
b. Breast milk is the ideal food for infants, it is especially designed to meet their needs.
con.. nutritional adva: CHO:
what is the main sugar?
B-lactose
con…CHO:
what is the oligosaccharides function?
inhibit the binding of pathogens to mucosal surface ( lactobacillus bifidus promoting factor
summary of CHo advantages for infant:
- B lactose in the main sugar.
- contains oligosaccharides that inhibit binding of pathogens to mucosal surface lactobacillus bifidus promotiong factor
lipid nutritional advantages:
what is the major source of energy in human milk(50% of calories
Triglycerides
which are the essential fatty acids for brain development and are present in higher concentration?
long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
what is the Hind milk responsible for? 2
- sense of satiety
- delivering fatty acids responsible for cognitive function.
why the complete emptying of one breast before changing to the other is important?
- sense of satiety 2. delivering fatty..
summary of lipids for infants:3
1.Triglycerides
2. Long chain
3. Hind milk
protein advantages : what is the whey to casein ratio and compare to cow and their benefits?
Whey to casein ratio is 60:40 as it is easier digested (whey is soluble protein.
cow is 37:63 … difficult to digest so gastric upsets
what are other protein advantages?
- lactoferrin: helps iron absorption and protects infant from bacteria
- immunoglobulin: secretory IgA
- Digestive enzymes: lipase, protease , amylase
what are the characteristic of human milk in relation to vits and minerals?
D, Fe, P, Ca, Na
less vit D , less iron(however better absorption than formula
less sodium, less phosphorus and calcium, but ca to p ratio is 2:1 which is optimal for proper absorption
what are the immunological advantages or protective mechanisms in human milk.
8 1st: BIII
- Bifidus factor ( oligosaccharides: a. present in both colostrum and mature milk
b. favors growth of lactobacillus bifidus which is an intestinal flora responsible for acid production , thus inhibits bactrial growth. - intestinal growth factor: stimulates the repair of damaged intestinal cells
- Immunoglobulins: both coloustum and mature IgA mucosal protection aganist URTI
- interferon: antiviral.
immun : 4L: LLLL
- lactofererrin : enhances the bioavailability of Fe+ from milk…. so reducing it for bacteria.
- Lysozymes and peroxides: attack bacterial cell wall.
- Lymphocytes: macrophages and polymorphs : phagocytosis, cytokine , anti staph factor
- Low incidence : of allergic disorders , type 1 DM, HTN, obesity, necrotizing enterocolitis NEC
what are the general?
Sterile , cheap, readily available regardless of time and needs no preparation
Increase intellectual Quotient IQ and academic preformance
Advantages for mother?3
- prevention of postpartum hemorrhage(Oxytocin
- Economic(cheap
- Decrease risk of breast cancer and osteoporosis.
Advantages of both?2
- Strengthens mother infant relationship
- Life long bonding by oxytocin secreted during skin contact
what are the technique of breast feeding? postioning and attachment
who to do positioning ?5
- infant should be elevated to the height of the breast. Elevated
- infant’s body: turned completely to face the mother with infant’s nose ate level of nipple to encourage proper latching. infant’s body
- All the body should be supported. Supported
- infant’s neck is straight. Straight
- Education of mother on different positions(cradle, cross cradle, football, twins
How to preform proper attachment:3
- Touch. the mother touches her infant’s lip with her nipple.
- Wait. the mother waits until her infant’s mouth is wide open.
- Moves. moves her infant quickly to her breast,
what are the signs of good attachment?3
- Areola. more areola is visible above than below the mouth.
- Mouth: wide open……
- lower lip turned outward.
