Nutrition Breastfeeding.lec 3

Question 1

At puberty what is the hormone for Ducts development of breast?

Answer 1

Estrogen

Question 2

At puberty what is the hormone for Ducts development of breast?

Answer 2

Estrogen

Question 3

which part of mammary gland the progesterone will develop at puberty

Answer 3

alveoli

Question 4

estrogen, progesterone, placental h at pregnancy

Answer 4

breast development

Question 5

at pregnancy prolactin is inhibited by

Answer 5

placental hormones

Question 6

stages of lactations

Answer 6

colostrum, transitional, mature milk

Question 7

compare between colostrum and mature milk

Answer 7

11 items( time, color, consistency, amount, calories, specific gravity, pH, protein, carb, lipid, minerals)
first 3 day……..2-3 weeks, yellowsih… white, thick… thin, 60ml\day… 1-2 liter\D, 57kcal\dl…67
1040-1060( higher)…. 1020-1040 , alkaline … acidic, 8 gram higher)…. 1.3 gram, 5.5 gram(lower)…6.7, 3 gram(lower….. 3.5 gram, 4 gram(higher) … 0.25 gram

Question 8

Advantages of breast feeding : 1. infant 2. mother 3. both
for infanta:

Answer 8

1. Nutritional 2.Immunological 3. General

Question 9

what are the nutritional advantages for the infant

Answer 9

a. Composition of various nutrients is in proportions ideal for the infants needs:
water:87.5%………calories: 67kcal\100ml…….CHO:7 grams%……fats:3.5% grams ….protein:1.2%
b. Breast milk is the ideal food for infants, it is especially designed to meet their needs.

Question 10

con.. nutritional adva: CHO:
what is the main sugar?

Answer 10

B-lactose

Question 11

con…CHO:
what is the oligosaccharides function?

Answer 11

inhibit the binding of pathogens to mucosal surface ( lactobacillus bifidus promoting factor

Question 12

summary of CHo advantages for infant:

Answer 12

1. B lactose in the main sugar.
2. contains oligosaccharides that inhibit binding of pathogens to mucosal surface lactobacillus bifidus promotiong factor

Question 13

lipid nutritional advantages:
what is the major source of energy in human milk(50% of calories

Answer 13

Triglycerides

Question 14

which are the essential fatty acids for brain development and are present in higher concentration?

Answer 14

long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Question 15

what is the Hind milk responsible for? 2

Answer 15

1. sense of satiety
2. delivering fatty acids responsible for cognitive function.

Question 16

why the complete emptying of one breast before changing to the other is important?

Answer 16

1. sense of satiety 2. delivering fatty..

Question 17

summary of lipids for infants:3

Answer 17

1.Triglycerides
2. Long chain
3. Hind milk

Question 18

protein advantages : what is the whey to casein ratio and compare to cow and their benefits?

Answer 18

Whey to casein ratio is 60:40 as it is easier digested (whey is soluble protein.
cow is 37:63 … difficult to digest so gastric upsets

Question 19

what are other protein advantages?

Answer 19

1. lactoferrin: helps iron absorption and protects infant from bacteria
2. immunoglobulin: secretory IgA
3. Digestive enzymes: lipase, protease , amylase

Question 20

what are the characteristic of human milk in relation to vits and minerals?
D, Fe, P, Ca, Na

Answer 20

less vit D , less iron(however better absorption than formula
less sodium, less phosphorus and calcium, but ca to p ratio is 2:1 which is optimal for proper absorption

Question 21

what are the immunological advantages or protective mechanisms in human milk.
8 1st: BIII

Answer 21

1. Bifidus factor ( oligosaccharides: a. present in both colostrum and mature milk
   b. favors growth of lactobacillus bifidus which is an intestinal flora responsible for acid production , thus inhibits bactrial growth.
2. intestinal growth factor: stimulates the repair of damaged intestinal cells
3. Immunoglobulins: both coloustum and mature IgA mucosal protection aganist URTI
4. interferon: antiviral.

Question 22

immun : 4L: LLLL

Answer 22

5. lactofererrin : enhances the bioavailability of Fe+ from milk…. so reducing it for bacteria.
6. Lysozymes and peroxides: attack bacterial cell wall.
7. Lymphocytes: macrophages and polymorphs : phagocytosis, cytokine , anti staph factor
8. Low incidence : of allergic disorders , type 1 DM, HTN, obesity, necrotizing enterocolitis NEC

Question 23

what are the general?

Answer 23

Sterile , cheap, readily available regardless of time and needs no preparation
Increase intellectual Quotient IQ and academic preformance

Question 24

Advantages for mother?3

Answer 24

1. prevention of postpartum hemorrhage(Oxytocin
2. Economic(cheap
3. Decrease risk of breast cancer and osteoporosis.

Question 25

Advantages of both?2

Answer 25

1. Strengthens mother infant relationship
2. Life long bonding by oxytocin secreted during skin contact

Question 26

what are the technique of breast feeding? postioning and attachment
who to do positioning ?5

Answer 26

1. infant should be elevated to the height of the breast. Elevated
2. infant’s body: turned completely to face the mother with infant’s nose ate level of nipple to encourage proper latching. infant’s body
3. All the body should be supported. Supported
4. infant’s neck is straight. Straight
5. Education of mother on different positions(cradle, cross cradle, football, twins

Question 27

How to preform proper attachment:3

Answer 27

1. Touch. the mother touches her infant’s lip with her nipple.
2. Wait. the mother waits until her infant’s mouth is wide open.
3. Moves. moves her infant quickly to her breast,

Question 28

what are the signs of good attachment?3

Answer 28

1. Areola. more areola is visible above than below the mouth.
2. Mouth: wide open……
3. lower lip turned outward.