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Pediatric > Growth and Development 1 > Flashcards

Growth and Development 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Growth

A

increase in mass and dimension of the body. includes : weight, length or height(with stand) and head circumference.

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2
Q

Define Development

A

maturation of functions and gaining of various skills. It includes aspects as motor development, mental development and sexual development.

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3
Q

what is the relation between them?

A

Go parallel to each other

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4
Q

what are the growth stages?

A

1.prenatal(intrauterine)
2.postnatal (extrauterine)

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5
Q

what is prenatal

A

1.Embryonic stage: The first 8 weeks
2.Fetal stage: 9th to 40th
Early:9-24 weeks
late:25-40 weeks

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6
Q

factors affecting it? prenatal stage

A

1.Maternal health
2.placental health
3.fetal insulin

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7
Q

Rate of growth fetal

A

Maximum rate of growth(accounting for 30% of adult height

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8
Q

postnatal stages

A

1.neonates:first 4 weeks of life 28 Days.
2.Infancy: 1 month to 2 years.
3.Childhood: Early (preschool):2-6
Late school :6-12
4.Adolescence:12-20 early, mid and late.

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9
Q

factors affecting infancy and childhood?

A

Nutrition, good health, thyroid, happiness (infant) + genes, growth hormone, thyroid =childhood

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10
Q

factors affecting adolescence

A

Testosterone Estrogen growth hormones

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11
Q

factors affecting physical growth

A

1.Race: There is race difference in rate and pattern of growth
2.Family: Height and body frame are inherited from parents. start to appear after infancy.
3.Sex : Girls: grow faster 7th - 4 years , start puberty at a younger age.
4.chromosomal disorders: as down usually show retarded growth.
5.socioecnomic : poor housing, hygiene , health.

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12
Q

cont…

A

6.Nutritional: - delay , + obesity
7.chronic illness: ….
8.Developmental anomalies:
9.Chronic infection: TB
10.Endocrinal factors:

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13
Q

growth hormone —

A

proportionate short, normal mentality , characteristic features

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14
Q

growth hormone —

A

proportionate short, normal mentality , characteristic features

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15
Q

thyroid———–

A

disproportionate short, mental retardation , coarse face in infants and children with congenital hypothyrodism.
proportionate short in children with acquired hypoth

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16
Q

+++Androgens

A

Tall in children
proportionate short in adult

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17
Q

+++steroids

A

short, characteristic obesity cushing

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18
Q

Aspects of normal growth and development

A

1.physical:anthropometric:weighy, length,…
fontanelles, bone age or osseous growth
2.motor development:gross and fine
3.mental
4.sexual.

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19
Q

normal weight at birth

A

2.5k-4kg

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20
Q

weight gain in 1st to 4 month

A

3/4 kg/month ….4th month 6 kg

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21
Q

4-8 month

A

1/2/mon…….8th 8kg

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22
Q

8-12

A

1/4…..12th 9kg

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23
Q

2nd year weight

A

3 kg…..at 2 years 12 kg

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24
Q

3-6 years

A

2kg/year….at 6 years 20kg

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25
Q

6-10 y weight

A

2.5kg/y…… at 10 y…30kg

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26
Q

weight calculation equation between 1-6 y

A

= age*2+8
birth weight is DOUBlED at 4 months and tripled at 12 month.

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27
Q

length and height

A

under 3 years length in supine
at 3 height is in standing

28
Q

at birth length

A

50cm

29
Q

6 months length

A

68cm

30
Q

1 year length

A

75cm

31
Q

2 year length

A

87cm

32
Q

3 years length

A

94cm

33
Q

4 year

A

100cm(double birth length)

34
Q

between 4-9 years

A

the height increases about 7 cm/year

35
Q

at 9 years

A

135 cm

36
Q

between 9-12 years the height increases about 5 cm/year

A

the height increases about 5 cm/year

37
Q

at 12 years

A

150 cm

38
Q

at 12 years

A

150 cm
Height is DOUBled at 4 years and TRIples at 12 year

39
Q

upper segment

A

from the crown to the upper border of symphsis pubis
(sitting height

40
Q

lower segment

A

from symphsis pubis to the heel

41
Q

Body proportions

A

at birth: 1.7/1
3 years: 1.3/1
7 years: 1.0/1 (equal upper and lower segment

42
Q

Body proportions value

A

differentiate proportionate from disproportionate short stature

43
Q

Head circumference at birth

A

35 cm

44
Q

6 months head circmference

A

43 cm

45
Q

1 year head circumference

A

47 cm
so 12 cm during the first year

46
Q

2 year head circumference

A

49cm

47
Q

4 y head circumference

A

50cm

48
Q

6 y head circumference

A

51cm

49
Q

6 y head circumference

A

51cm

50
Q

12 y head circumference

A

53 cm
6 cm only during 11 years

51
Q

Anterior fontanelle

A

3 fingers:5cm : at birth
2 fingers : 6 months
1 finger 1 year
1.5 closed
posterior: closed at birth

52
Q

deciduous teeth

A

lower before upper by 1 month
6, 8, 12, 18, 24 months
central incisors, lateral, 1st molar, canines, 2nd molar

53
Q

osseous growth

A

at birth ( X ray of the knee joint: the center around the knee is well developed
delayed indicates delayed bone age as hypo thyroidism

54
Q

early child hood (X ray of the left hand and wrist

A

1st carpal bone is ossified at the age of 6 month
then one center per year: 1 year : 2 ossific centers
2 years: 3 centers and so on

55
Q

late childhood epiphysis

A

fusion of epiphysis of distal ends of ulna and radius

56
Q

late childhood (bone identification

A

fusion of epiphysis of distal ends of ulna and radius

57
Q

its value (x ray of bones for osseous growth

A

1.normal bone age corresponds to the age of the child
2.markedly delayed bone age: —- endocrinal deficiencies
3.advanced bone age:++++ excess hormones
4.normal bone age with short stature : familial short stature_skeletal dysplasia

58
Q

define growth charts

A

it is a graphic assessment….of the physical growth of a child.

59
Q

Very Important Background about growth charts

A

There is a wide range of variations among normal children of the same age.
Each child has his own inherited pattern of growth.

60
Q

growth curves are essential to

A
  1. Demonstrate the normal growth variations
    2.Summarize the growth data so earlier diagnosis of abnormal growth.
61
Q

growth curves are essential to

A
  1. Demonstrate the normal growth variations
    2.Summarize the growth data so earlier diagnosis of abnormal growth.
62
Q

Types of curves

A

1.percentile (used for follow up during the visits
2.Standard deviation
3. Velocity.

63
Q

Types of curves

A

1.percentile (used for follow up during the visits….The most commonly used
2.Standard deviation
3. Velocity.

64
Q

criteria of curves

A

1.made of different aspects of physical growth: height weight skull circumference
2. vary from : boys to girls , country to another, age
3.percentile 7

65
Q

criteria of curves

A

1.made of different aspects of physical growth: height weight skull circumference
2. vary from : boys to girls , country to another, age
3.percentile 7

66
Q

7 percentile

A

97th: the highest limit of the normal
50th: the median ..mean
3rd: the lowest limit of the normal
25th, 10th,75th,90th

67
Q

measures and value of the curvers

A

3-97 : normal…less or more is abnormal
assess the growth rate

Pediatric (6 decks)

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