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WH and Pedi > Pedi Skin > Flashcards

Pedi Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Thinner than older child or adult. More rapidly absorbs topical meds. Greater relative body surface area, more prone to insensible fluid loss and heat loss. Blood vessels closer to surface of skin (risk of overheating or becoming hypothermic). Easier skin breakdown due to dermis and epidermis loosely connected. Immature sweat glands (increased risk of hyperthermia)

A

Infant skin vs older children and adults

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2
Q

Bulllous (blisters), more common in infants. Non-bullous, 70% of cases, 2-5y most common. S. aureus is most common cause. Contagious! Prevent spread; single towel; etc. Antibiotic ointment. Bacterial infection

A

Impetigo

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3
Q

Infection of hair follicle. S. aureus. Topical antibiotics. Bacterial infection.

A

Folliculitis

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4
Q

Infection/inflammation of subcutaneous tissue. Secondary to “trauma” of skin: injury, bite, lesion. Strep. pyogenes, S. aureus, CA-MRSA. Fever, chills, lymphadenopathy. REDNESS, WARMTH, SWELLING, PAIN. Oral antibiotics, may need IV. Bacterial infection.

A

Cellulitis

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5
Q

Highly contagious, respiratory secretions. Outbreaks in unvaccinated populations. Fever, cough; Koplik spots in moutj, maculopapular rash on head, UE and trunk. Supportive care; monitor for respiratory comps. Viral infection

A

Measles (Rubeola)

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6
Q

Outbreaks in unvaccinated populations. Respiratory secretions, close contact. Fever, PAROTID SWELLING. Virus targets salivary glands, CNS, and testes. Supportive care; monitor for meningitis and orchitis. Viral infection

A

Mumps

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7
Q

Transmission: aerosolized particles. DANGEROUS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN - PASS TO FETUS. Macular rash (face, neck), fever, HA, sore throat, malaise, red eyes, lymphadenopathy. Supportive care. Viral infection

A

Rubella

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8
Q

Herpes virus. 2 step vaccine. Nasopharyngeal secretios, weeping lesions. Skin lesions: macule - pustule - vesicle. Acyclovir. Viral infection

A

Varicella

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9
Q

Irritant (detergent, soap, sweat, rough fabric). Allergic (poison ivy/oak/sumac, jewelry, detergent, creams/lotions, dyes). Nickel- material containing nickel (buttons, buckles). Diaper.
Complications: secondary infection, lichenification of the skin, change in pigmentation. Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

Contact Dermatitis

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10
Q

Acute hypersensitivity. Most cases: HSV. Abrupt onset: donut/target shaped lesions. Distinguish from Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Supportive care. Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Erythema Multiforme

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11
Q

Hives. Food, meds, stings, viral infections. Erythematous wheals that blanch. Extreme pruritis! Angioedema- dermis and SQ tissues. Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Urticaria

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12
Q

Lice, scabies, bedbugs. Intense pruritis. Educate = sharing, bags. Fingers, toes, axillae, groin, butt (infants: palms, feet, scalp). ? Living conditions? Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

Infestations

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13
Q

Damage to epidermis. Erythema, blisters. Pain, fever, chills, nausea, headache. Comfort; ? fluid restrictiion. Sunscreen!! Increased risk for malignant melanoma. Skin injury

A

Sunburn

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14
Q

Hands, feet, ears, nose = most common.
First degree: stinging, numbness, edema.
Second degree: waxy skin, blue/white, hard
Third degree: clear/hemorrhagic vesicles
Fourth degree: sloughing, gangrene.
Rewarming treatment (PAINFUL). Do not massage (tissue damage). CSM assessment. Wound care. Plastic surgery? Skin injury

A

Frostbite

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15
Q

Pruritis, erythema, edema, pain. Brown recluse or black widow? Systemic/wheezing? AIRWAY!!! Skin injury

A

Insect/Spider Bite

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16
Q

Risk depends on depth. Abrasion, puncture wounds, lacerations (? tissue evulsion). Crushing. ? Sutures, abx, plastics

A

Animal/Human bite

17
Q

Most common cause: thermal (fire, hot liquid or surface) and chemical (cleaning agents). Damage depends on type/location of injury, temperature, depth into tissues. Does injury match mechanism of action? Abuse? Fluid resuscitation depends on BSA and depth. Anything over 10% BSA is hospitalized. ? Grafts?

A

Burns General

18
Q

Leads to hypovolemia and shock. Decreased blood vol, CO, urine output, perfusion to extremities. Inflammatory response leading to leaks causing edema. Increased metabolic rate, glucose metabolism, protein/loss of muscle mas, demand on heart. Risk for renal failure. Immunosuppression

A

Burn with over 30% BSA

19
Q

Airway- edema can occur up to 48h after injury frequent assessment. Fluid resuscitation; monitor u/o, chem. Thermoregulation - warm room. PAIN CONTROL- extensive; continous control and dressing changes. Nutrition- 1.5x BMR calories, increased protein, NGT. Special dressings. Precautions for infection prevention. Skin integrity- scarring, contractures; ROM, PT/OT, compression. Itching, moisturizer.
Long term hospitalization/recovery. Disfigurement

A

Nursing Priorities for Burns

WH and Pedi (20 decks)

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