Pedagogical perspective Flashcards

1
Q

what is learning

A
  • a process that results in a change in knowledge or behaviour as a result of experience
  • there are three main theories
    • behaviourism
    • cognitivism
    • constructivism
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2
Q

what is behaviourism

A
  • based around skinners work on strengthening bonds between a stimulus and a response (operant conditioning)
  • it is like a simple feedback system, if a reward follows an action , it is more likely to be repeated
  • the teacher/coach controls the environment to achieve desired outcomes
  • … whilst the participant remains a passive receiver of that knowledge
  • ‘by being sensitive to the way learners learn in different ways and at different rates, behaviourist approaches are not rejected, but sometimes employed ‘as part of developing a richer and more extensive repertoire of pedagogical strategies’’
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3
Q

what is cognitivism

A
  • whereas behaviorists focused mainly on the products of learning (the behaviour or outcome), cognitivists considered the processes by which people learn
  • metacognition: the mind is like a computer or information processor. Learners receive, store and act on information
  • transmission model: teachers/coaches are seen as expert and pupil/athlete are viewed as novice
  • context of learning: is largely irrelevant to the learning process as learning happens within the individual
  • thinking and learning are viewed as skills, the effectiveness of which is determined by individuals innate cognitive structures
  • learning is seen as social
  • learning is viewed as involving the development of links between short term and long term memory
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4
Q

what is constructivism

A
  • learners are active in the learning process
  • they believe that learning is most effective when it is active, interactive and authentic
  • cognitive constructivism: idea suggested by Piaget (1970) that childrens minds are more than ‘empty vessels’ to be filled with information
  • instead he argued that they actively process information through accommodation and assimilation and that knowledge is experienced
  • social constructivism: founded by vygotsky (1978)
  • he suggested that learning occurs through engaging in shared problem solving experiences with an adult educator or peers, and responsibility for learning gradually shifts to the learner
  • educators must be aware of individuals prior learning so that they can ‘construct’ additional learning
  • the pedagogical focus is task-oriented, hands on, self directed activities oriented towards design and discovery
  • ‘… and the learning environment is likely to be active, energetic and noisy’
  • compared to other learning approaches, the learner is much more active than passive
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