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GI > pectinate line > Flashcards

pectinate line Flashcards

1
Q

other word for pectinate line?

A

dentate line

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2
Q

other word for dentate line?

A

pectinate

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3
Q

at what embryological point is pectinate line formed?

A

where endoderm (hindgut) meets ectoderm

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4
Q

what pathologies above pectinate line?

A

internal hemorrhoids, adenocarcinoma

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5
Q

where do internal hemorrhoids and adenocarcinoma form, above or below pectinate line?

A

above

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6
Q

hemorrhoids: what are these?

A

abnormal distension of anal venous plexus

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7
Q

hemorrhoids: risk factors?

A

older age, chronic constipation

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8
Q

abnormal distension of anal venous plexus

what is this?

A

hemorrhoids

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9
Q

are internal hemorrhoids painful?

A

no

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10
Q

why are internal hemorrhoids not painful?

A

they receive visceral innervation

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11
Q

pathologies below pectinate line?

A

external hemorrhoids, anal fissures, squamous cell carcinoma

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12
Q

external hemorrhoids, anal fissures, squamous cell carcinoma

above or below pectinate line?

A

below

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13
Q

are external hemorrhoids painful?

A

yes

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14
Q

why are external hemorrhoids painful?

A

receive somatic innervation

inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve

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15
Q

Anal: what is this?

A

tear in anoderm below pectinate line

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16
Q

anal fissure: symptoms?

A

pain while pooping, blood on toilet paper

17
Q

pain while pooping, blood on toilet paper

suggestive of?

A

anal fissures

18
Q

what part of the anus are anal fissures the most common?

A

posterior midline

19
Q

why are anal fissure most common on the posterior midline?

A

poorly perfused

20
Q

what are anal fissures associated with?

A

low-fiber diets and constipation

21
Q

what is the most common pathology on the posterior midline?

A

anal fissures

22
Q

Above pectinate line: nerves?

A

visceral
inferior hypogastric plexus

23
Q

inferior hypogastric plexus: above or below pectinate line?

A

above

24
Q

inferior hypogastric plexus: vertebra levels?

A

T12-L3

25
Q

Above pectinate line: arteries?

A

superior rectal artery (branch of IMA)

26
Q

superior rectal artery: branch of what?

A

IMA

27
Q

superior rectal artery: below or above pectinate line?

A

above

28
Q

above pectinate line: vein drainage?

A

superior rectal vein -> IMV -> splenic vein -> portal vein

29
Q

above pectinate line: lymphatics drain where?

A

internal iliac lymph node

30
Q

iternal iliac lymph node: drains lymph from above or below pectinate line?

A

above

31
Q

superior rectal vein -> IMV -> splenic vein -> portal vein

drainage from above or below pectinate line?

A

above

32
Q

below pectinate line: nerves?

A

somatic
pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

33
Q

pudendal nerve: vertrebrae levels

A

S2-S4

34
Q

below pectinate line: artery?

A

inferior rectal artery (branch of internal pudendal artery)

35
Q

inferior rectal artery: branch of what?

A

internal pudendal artery

36
Q

below pectinate line: vein drainage?

A

inferior rectal vein -> internal pudendal -> internal iliac -> common iliac -> IVC

37
Q

inferior rectal vein -> internal pudendal -> internal iliac -> common iliac -> IVC

drainage from above or below pectinate line?

A

below

38
Q

below pectinate line: drainage lymph?

A

to superficial inguinal lymph node

39
Q

superficial inguinal lymph node

drainage from above or below pectinate line?

A

below

GI (14 decks)

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