peace treaties of 1919-1923 Flashcards
How long was the Paris Peace Conference
January 18 1919 to January 21 1920
Who were the big three
USA - Woodrow Wilson
France- George Clemenceau
Britain- David Lloyd George
Aims of woodrow wilson
- wanted fair peace treaties for all involved
- wanted to strengthen democracy and independence in other countries
- wanted international cooperation (League of Nations)
- He did not want to be too harsh on Germany
what was the 14 pointplan
in 1918 woodrow wilson made a speech outlining 14 point guidelines for a just and lasting peace treaty to end conflict
Aims of David Lloyd George
- keeping Europe together and free of communism
- did not want to punish Germany too harshly as they would not be able to trade
- still wanted germany to pay reparations for the damage caused as british people generally wanted harsh treatment
- Wanted to preserve Britain’s navy and parts of the turkish empire
- wanted a balance of power in europe
Aims of George Clemenceau
- Clemenceau wanted harsh treatment of Germany due to the damage france recieved (most damaged of the allies)
- wanted to return alsace lorraine to france and make the rhinelands independent of Germany
- heavy reparations from germany
- disbandment of germany’s army
Terms of the treaty of versailles
- War guilt clause - Germany had to accept full blame for the war
- Reparations - 6.6 billion
German territories and colonies - Anschluss forbidden, overseas colonies given to France and Britain, Rhineland demilitarised and Alsace Lorraine given to France
Military - army limited to 100,000 men, conscription banned, armoured vehcles/submarines/aircrafts banned
Austrian peace treaty
St Germain 1919
- seperated Austria from Hungary
- Austria lost land to Poland and Italy
- Anschluss forbidden
- Army restricted to 30,000
Bulgaria peace treaty
Treaty of Nevilly 1919
- lost land to greece, romania and yugoslavia
- lost access to the mediterranean sea
- limit armed forces to 20,000
- 100million pounds reparation
Hungary peace treaty
Treaty of Trianon 1920
-hungary lost large amount of terittory untul 3million of its population ended up seperated in other states
-suffered from loss of population and raw materials that could not pay reparations
‘Hungary was treated very harshly by the peace settlement. It lost more than 70 per cent of its territory to states
such as Czechoslovakia and Romania. Much of this land was rich in resources and this meant Hungary would be weak
financially in the future. Hungary also lost its access to the sea. This would also be damaging to the Hungarian
economy. It also had to pay reparations and have its armed forces reduced.’
Turkey peace treaty
Treaty of Sevres 1920
- lost territiory and empire was broken up
- economy controlled by alliies
- restricted navy and banned airforce
Impact of treaty of versailles in germany
- putsches
- ruhr crisis
- hyperinflation
