PE gcse revison (test 2) Flashcards
What is the pathway of air?
Mouth/Nasal passage, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?
Contracts and flattens
What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?
Relaxes and rises into a dome like shape
What happens to the ribcage during inspiration?
Rise up and outwards
What happens to the ribcage during expiration?
Lowers back down
At rest, what intercoastal muscles pull the ribcage in and out at inspiration?
External Intercostal Muscles
At rest, what intercoastal muscles allow the ribcage to lower back down at expiration?
Internal Intercostal Muscles
During exercise, what muscles help the external intercoastal muscles at inspiration?
Pectorals and sternocleidomastoid
During exercise, what muscles help the internal intercostal muscles at expiration?
Abdominals
Where will air always travel to?
The area with the lowest amount of pressure
During inhalation, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs?
The pressure inside the lungs is lower than the pressure outside
What causes air to travel into the lungs?
The pressure gradient
During exhalation, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs?
The pressure inside the lungs is higher than the pressure outside
How much % of oxygen do we inspire and expire?
21% and 16%
How much of CO2 do we inspire and expire?
0.04% and 4%
How much Nitrogen do we inspire and expire?
78% and 78%
Why do we release more CO2?
It is a waste product produced by our working muscles
What is diffusion?
The movement of gases from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Where does CO2 move from and to?
From the capillaries to the alveoli
Where does O2 move from and to?
From the alveoli to the capillaries
What are the supporting features of the alveoli?
Large surface area, Large capillary network, Large blood supply, Thin moist cell walls, Pressure gradient
What does the alveoli having a large surface area mean?
There is a large volume of gases that can be exchanged
What does the alveoli having a Large capillary network mean?
There is a larger area for gaseous exchange
What does the alveoli having a large blood supply mean?
More O2 and CO2 can be transported to the lungs for gaseous exchange
What does the alveoli having moist thin cell walls mean?
A short diffusion pathway for gaseous change is made
What does the alveoli having a Pressure gradient mean?
Gases moving from high to low concentrations create a pressure gradient allowing diffusion to occour
How much % of O2 do we use?
5%
