PE exam 2 Flashcards
Name the three types of muscle tissue and explain their purpose
Smooth muscles are sometimes also called involuntary muscles and they are usually in sheets, or layers, with one layer of muscle behind the other. You can’t control this type of muscle. Your brain and body tell these muscles what to do without you even thinking about it. You can’t use your smooth muscles to make a muscle in your arm or jump into the air.
The muscle that makes up the heart is called cardiac muscle. It is also known as the myocardium. The thick muscles of the heart contract to pump blood out and then relax to let blood back in after it’s circulated through the body.
Just like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle works all by itself with no help from you. A special group of cells within the heart are known as the pacemaker of the heart because it controls the heartbeat.
Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, which means you can control what they do. Your leg won’t bend to kick the soccer ball unless you want it to. These muscles help to make up the musculoskeletal— the combination of your muscles and your skeleton, or bones.
Together, the skeletal muscles work with your bones to give your body power and strength. In most cases, a skeletal muscle is attached to one end of a bone. It stretches all the way across a joint (the place where two bones meet) and then attaches again to another bone
What four parts do arteries and veins have in common?
Endothelium, tunica adventitia, tunica intima, tunica media
How many pints of blood does the human body contain?
Ten
What is the rate of red blood cell formation in the human body?
2 million per second
What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?
The cardiovascular system of the human body has one distinct job; that is to pump the blood to the different parts of the body.
What is the purpose of each of the four major organs of the cardiovascular system?
The purpose of the four major organs are:
Epiglottis - the flap of cartilage lying behind the tongue and in front of the entrance to the larynx. At rest it allows air to pass through the larynx and into the rest of the respiratory system. During swallowing, it folds back to cover the entrance to the larynx, preventing food and drink from entering the windpipe.
Trachea - begins immediately below the larynx and runs down the center of the front part of the neck and ends behind the upper part of the sternum. Also known as the windpipe, the trachea is the passageway for air entering and leaving the lungs.
Lungs – exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide gasses in the air sacs or alveoli. Air is inhaled through the nose and mouth and travels down into the alveoli, where the oxygen enters the bloodstream and the carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream and returns through the lungs to be exhaled from the body.
Heart – the pumping system which takes in deoxygenated blood from the veins, delivering it to the lungs for oxygenation and then pumping it into various arteries to be transmitted to where it is needed throughout the body for energy. The heart is about the size of a fist.
What is the purpose of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system is the system that controls the body by using hormones to stimulate the metabolic activities of the cells.
What are the “chemical messengers” that help the endocrine system carry out the physiological processes?
Hormones
Richard was listening to his teacher lecture in Biology class. The teacher was using a digital presentation but Richard could not read all of the slides. Some of them seem blurry or distorted. What eye condition might Richard be experiencing?
a. Myopia (nearsightedness)
b. Hyperopia (farsightedness)
c. Presbyopia (aging eyes)
d. Astigmatism (distorted vision)
d. Astigmatism (distorted vision)
Kayla has been having trouble seeing the street signs as she is driving. Last week she missed the turn to go to her friend’s house. What eye condition might Kayla be experiencing?
a. Myopia (nearsightedness)
b. Hyperopia (farsightedness)
c. Presbyopia (aging eyes)
d. Astigmatism (distorted vision)
a. Myopia (nearsightedness)
Graciela loves to do needle point. Lately she is going slower and slower because she cannot see well. She is worried that she will not be able to finish her cross-stitch project in time for her mom’s birthday. What eye condition might Graciela be experiencing?
a. Myopia (nearsightedness)
b. Hyperopia (farsightedness)
c. Presbyopia (aging eyes)
d. Astigmatism (distorted vision)
b. Hyperopia (farsightedness)
Since Fatima has turned 50 years old, she is having more trouble with her eyes. In order to read the morning newspaper she has to hold it out away from her. What eye condition might Fatima be experiencing?
a. Myopia (nearsightedness)
b. Hyperopia (farsightedness)
c. Presbyopia (aging eyes)
d. Astigmatism (distorted vision)
c. Presbyopia (aging eyes)
If you have a condition known as tinnitus, what part of your body is affected?
a. Eyes
b. Mouth
c. Teeth
d. Ears
d. Ears
Nathan has been falling down lately. It seems that he cannot keep his balance. What part of Nathan’s body could be affected?
a. The cornea of the eye.
b. The semicircular canals of the ear.
c. The cortex of the brain.
d. The valves in the heart.
b. The semicircular canals of the ear.
Why is it important to protect your ears from extremely loud noises?
a. Loud noises can cause permanent hearing loss.
b. Loud noises can increase the amount of wax in your ears in order to protect the ear.
c. Loud noises can cause the eardrum to swell.
d. Loud noises can cause osteoporosis of the ear.
a. Loud noises can cause permanent hearing loss.
Tao went to the beach and forgot to use sunscreen, which resulted in sunburn. His skin was red and painful to touch. What layer of the skin did the sunburn affect?
a. Dermis
b. Hypodermis
c. Epidermis
d. Hyperdermis
c. Epidermis
Bryan weighs 210 pounds and is 5’3” tall. If he continues to gain weight and not exercise properly, what might occur?
a. He might develop miopia.
b. He might develop Attention Deficit Disorder.
c. He might develop hypertension.
d. He might develop AIDS.
c. He might develop hypertension.
I am a nutrient that helps to repair or replace healthy cell and tissues in the body. What am I?
a. Fiber
b. Carbohydrate
c. Protein
d. Fat
c. Protein
If you are having trouble with your digestive tract (constipation), what should you increase in your diet?
a. Dietary fiber
b. Carbohydrate
c. Protein
d. Fat
a. Dietary fiber `
I am a nutrient that is needed to carry and store vitamins for the body. What am I?
a. Dietary fiber
b. Carbohydrate
c. Protein
d. Fat
d. Fat
Adriana wants to keep her eyes healthy. What vitamin should she add to her diet?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin D
a. Vitamin A
I am a mineral that strengthens your bones and teeth. What am I?
a. Vitamin D
b. Vitamin B12
c. Iron
d. Calcium
d. Calcium
How do you calculate Body Mass Index (BMI)?
a. Height in inches divided by weight in pounds squared and multiplied by 703.
b. Weight in pounds divided by the height in inches squared and multiplied by 703.
c. Height in inches squared divided by 703 and then subtracted from the weight in pounds.
d. Height in inches divided by 703 squared and multiplied by weight in pounds.
b. Weight in pounds divided by the height in inches squared and multiplied by 703.
Rachel has a BMI of 28. Should she be concerned about her health?
a. Yes, because being overweight can cause heart disease.
b. No, because all of her friends have a high BMI as well.
c. No, because she has no symptoms.
d. Yes, because a high BMI will cause cancer.
a. Yes, because being overweight can cause heart disease.
Your friend has always thought that she was fat. Lately you have noticed that she has become more obsessed than usual about how much she weighs. She is becoming extremely thin. What disease might your friend be suffering from?
a. Bulimia Nervosa
b. Anorexia Nervosa
c. Cancer
d. Binge Eating
b. Anorexia Nervosa
While at cheerleading camp, you saw one of the girls on your team making herself vomit in the bathroom after lunch. What disease might she be suffering from?
a. Bulimia Nervosa
b. Anorexia Nervosa
c. Cancer
d. Binge Eating
a. Bulimia Nervosa
What keeps the food that is swallowed from entering the trachea?
a. Esophagus closes after swallowing.
b. Pharynx opens up to allow the food to pass through.
c. Larynx is pulled upward to meet the epiglottis.
d. Trachea opens up to allow the food to pass through.
c. Larynx is pulled upward to meet the epiglottis.
In what organ of the digestive system does the bulk of the digestive process take place?
a. Large intestine
b. Small intestine
c. Stomach
d. Esophagus
b. Small intestine
Which of the following is not a function of the colon?
a. Absorbs water
b. Manufactures hormones
c. Produces mucous
d. Forms and expels feces
b. Manufactures hormones
Which of Maslow’s needs is represented by having enough food to eat?
a. Physiological needs
b. Social needs
c. Safety needs
d. Esteem needs
a. Physiological needs
It is important for children to feel good about themselves. Which of the following is the best experience to lead to a healthy self-esteem in children?
a. New clothes and toys
b. Going on great vacations
c. Being praised and listened to
d. Having a big birthday party
c. Being praised and listened to
Which of Maslow’s basic needs is not being met when a child displays insecurity?
a. Physiological needs
b. Social needs
c. Safety needs
d. Esteem needs
c. Safety needs
Which of the following symptoms is best described as a sign of behavioral stress?
a. Chest pain
b. Forgetfulness
c. Tooth grinding
d. Overeating
d. Overeating
Which of the following symptoms is best described as a sign of stress on the body?
a. Chest pain
b. Forgetfulness
c. Increased smoking
d. Overeating
a. Chest pain
Which of Maslow's needs is represented by the need to give and receive love? a. Physiological needs b. Social needs c. Safety needs d, Esteem needs
b. Social needs
Which of the following is an example of distress?
a. Participating in a tennis tournament
b. Running three miles after school
c. Attending dance lessons
d. Suffering from chronic back pain
d. Suffering from chronic back pain
What are the five steps to getting started with an exercise program?
- Assess your fitness level
- Design your fitness program
- Assemble your equipment
- Get started
- Monitor your progress
Why is it important to assess your fitness level?
By assessing and recording baseline fitness scores it can give you benchmarks against which to measure your progress.
Once you get started with your program, what are five things that you can do to remember as you exercise?
Start slowly and build up gradually. Break things up if you have to. Be creative. Listen to your body. Be flexible.
At what point in your fitness program should you reassess your fitness levels?
Retake your personal fitness assessment six weeks after you start your program and then again every few months.
List the areas that you need to include in your fitness plan.
Consider your fitness goals. Create a balanced routine. Start low and progress slowly. Build activity into your daily routine. Plan to include different activities. Try high-interval intensity training. Allow time for recovery. Put it on paper.
What are the five components of physical fitness?
cardiorespiratory endurance muscular strength muscular endurance flexibility body composition
Mercedes’ mother died a year ago, but Mercedes just can’t seem to move on. She is still having a hard time sleeping at night, and concentrating in school. Last week, I even caught Mercedes crying in the bathroom.
What do you think Mercedes could be suffering from? What advice would you give Mercedes’ friend? What advice would you give Mercedes?
Mental Disorder:
Advice:
She is excessively grieving and has depression. She has been grieving four months or longer, she is crying, she is unable to do her daily activities (concentrating in school), and she is having trouble sleeping. I would talk to her as a friend and let her know I was there for her and that I would help her find a support group. I would encourage her to speak to the school nurse or a therapist to identify what is keeping her from moving forward. I would also alert someone in her family.
Greg is in 10th grade and constantly worried about becoming ill. Just the other day, Greg left school during 4th period in order to go to the doctor for a spot on his arm that he thought might be cancer. Greg has been to three different doctors insisting that his spot is cancer. So far, every doctor has told Greg that the spot is just fine.
What do you think Greg is suffering from? What advice would you give Greg?
Mental Disorder:
Advice:
Hypochondriac is the mental disorder. He is preoccupied with body functions and misinterprets minor abnormalities and assumes they are cancer- a major medical threat. When doctors seek to reassure him, he doesn’t believe them, gets more anxious, and goes to another doctor and insists he has cancer. I would tell him to try to disrupt the cycle. Try to validate him that he does have symptoms but assuring him that nothing is wrong. Then, suggest he do psychological work like cognitive behavioral therapy.
Samir is constantly worried about catching colds. In fact, Samir washes his hand just about 20 times a day. When asked, Samir says that he can’t afford to be sick, and then goes into a lecture about how many germs there are around. Sometimes, Samir washes his hands so much that they bleed.
What disorder do you think Samir is suffering from? What advice would you give Samir?
Mental Disorder:
Advice:
OCD is the mental disorder. (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) Samir is fearful of germs and contamination to the extent that he washes his hands so often they bleed. He does not appear to be able to control his irrational thoughts or actions. I would recommend Samir see a specialist in OCD. I would also tell him that in the meantime, he should avoid situations that trigger his hand washing.
Jamal is a junior this year. Lately, Jamal stays to himself. He doesn’t seem to talk with any of his friends. He’s constantly anxious, and worried that others are following him. Sometimes, Jamal tells me about things that he sees. It almost sounds like he’s daydreaming, but not really. I’m not sure what’s going on with Jamal, but I’m really worried about him.
What do you think that Jamal is suffering from? What advice would you give him?
Mental Disorder:
Advice:
Schizophrenia is the mental disorder although his symptoms seem to be more like an adult reaction to the disorder. He is delusional, is having hallucinations, and is disorganized in his thoughts because he daydreams. I would tell him I was concerned for him and recommend he see a doctor. I would do this even if he thinks he doesn’t need one and I would offer to help him find the right doctor.
Ming is my best friend. We both play volleyball together. We’ve been playing volleyball together since 7th grade. I’ve noticed that every winter Ming withdraws from her friends and always seems sad. Every winter, I think that it’s me and that I’ve done something to Ming to upset her. Once spring hits, Ming slowly returns to her “normal” self.
What do you think Ming could be suffering from? What advice would you give Ming?
Mental Disorder:
Advice:
SAD is the mental disorder (seasonal affective disorder) since it starts and stops about the same time during the season. Advice would be to have their mom get a light that simulates natural daylight or get professional phototherapy and consider medications.
List the six components of health.
Physical health Emotional health Social health Mental health Spiritual health Environmental health
Identify the four things that influence your health.
Heredity
Social
Cultural
Environmental
List the six inherited traits.
Skin Color Eye Color Hair Color Body type and size Growth Patterns The likelihood of getting certain diseases
Marylu and Kirsten had a disagreement about what to do Saturday night. Marylu wanted to go to the movies; Kirsten wanted to go to a party. Both left angry. The next afternoon, Marylu called Kirsten. Marylu wanted to resolve this conflict. How could she best do this?
a. Use “you” messages.
b. Communicate at an information-giving level
c. Separate the issue of friendship.
d. Use “I” messages.
d. Use “I” messages.
It was the second time Tevan and Alexi had gone out on a date. Tevan told Alexi how much he loved her and that he wanted to show her he meant this by making love to her. Alexi looked Tevan directly in the eyes and told him that she was not ready to become sexually intimate. Tevan insisted that she was really playing hard to get. Which statement best represents the type of communication that took place between Tevan and Alexi?
a. Tevan was using active listening skills.
b. Tevan was sending mixed messages.
c. Alexi was verbally and nonverbally resisting pressure.
d. Alexi was using “you” messages.
c. Alexi was verbally and nonverbally resisting pressure.
If your boyfriend or girlfriend tries to pressure you into sexual intimacy and you don’t feel you want to be intimate, you should
a. feel guilty if you say no.
b. remember that you have the right to refuse sexual intimacy at any time for any reason.
c. keep in mind that if you say no you may lose your boyfriend or girlfriend.
d. wonder if something is wrong with you.
b. remember that you have the right to refuse sexual intimacy at any time for any reason.
The process of hearing the words of the speaker and clarifying anything that they said is called
a. nonverbal communication.
b. active listening.
c. mixed messages.
d. “you” and “I” messages.
b. active listening.
Vijay’s grandmother has Alzheimer’s disease. His grandfather has been taking care of her, but he is finding this task to be more and more difficult as the grandmother’s condition worsens. Vijay’s grandmother does not recognize family members, often gets violent, and has lost bladder control. Vijay’s grandmother might get the care she best needs by
a. having a visiting nurse three days a week.
b. moving in with Vijay’s family.
c. moving to a retirement community.
d. moving into a nursing home.
d. moving into a nursing home.
The most important key to being a good parent is
a. being able to support your children financially.
b. enforcing strict discipline.
c. being emotionally mature.
d. taking responsibility for your children’s education.
c. being emotionally mature.
Brianna is sick with the flu. Her mother has stayed home from work to be with her until Brianna is well enough to return to school. Brianna’s mother is hoping to fulfill the function of
a. meeting basic physical needs.
b. providing emotional support.
c. providing structure.
d. meeting social needs.
a. meeting basic physical needs.
Jason has two older brothers. One is married. The other is in college. Next month, Jason will start college, too. Jason’s family is in the stage known as the
a. beginning stage.
b. parenting stage.
c. empty-nest stage.
d. retirement stage.
c. empty-nest stage.
Charlie had a couple of friends over after school. Charlie’s dad decided to wait until the friends had gone home to reprimand Charlie for not cleaning the garage. Charlie’s father was
a. showing the ability to manage change.
b. using good communication.
c. providing emotional support.
d. showing respect for family members.
d. showing respect for family members.
Carmen’s parents have decided to get divorced. Carmen cannot concentrate on her school work, finds it difficult to sleep, and has lost her appetite. Carmen is reacting to the news about her parents’ divorce by feeling
a. angry.
b. depressed.
c. anxious.
d. guilty.
b. depressed.
The kind of family formed when single parents marry new spouses is
a. an extended family.
b. a blended family.
c. a nuclear family.
d. a single-parent family.
b. a blended family.
Most dysfunctional families are a direct outgrowth of
a. divorce.
b. troubled parents.
c. the empty-nest stage.
d. single-parent families.
b. troubled parents.
Teenagers who practice sexual abstinence grow by acting responsibly and by learning to develop relationships not based on sexual intimacy.
True
False
True
Being willing and able to put the other person’s needs before your own is an important ingredient for a successful marriage.
True
False
True
Emotional bonding occurs automatically in every family.
True
False
False
Indirect pressure
Persuasion
Direct pressure
Threats
Characteristic of high self-esteem
Increased respect for self and others
Characteristic of low self-esteem
Vulnerable to peer pressure
Social benefit of abstinence
Worry-free pregnancy
Protective factor
Keeps person from engaging in harmful behavior
Risk factor
Anything that increasing the likelihood of health problems
Extended family
Nuclear family plus other relatives
Clenching one’s fists
Nonverbal sign of anger
Nonviolent strategy for arguments
Conflict Resolution
Forest fires contribute to what type of environmental problem?
a. Overpopulation
b. Water pollution
c. Air pollution
d. Noise pollution
c. Air pollution
Overpopulation of the earth contributes to what type of environmental problem?
a. Global Warming
b. Water Pollution
c. Air Pollution
d. Noise Pollution
a. Global Warming
The disease hepatitis can sometimes be contributed to what type of environmental problem?
a. Global Warming
b. Water Pollution
c. Air Pollution
d. Noise Pollution
b. Water Pollution
Fireworks are an example of what type of environmental problem?
a. Global Warming
b. Water Pollution
c. Air Pollution
d. Noise Pollution
c. Air Pollution
What type of environmental problem can you help reduce by walking or riding your bike?
a. Air Pollution
b. Noise Pollution
c. Water Pollution
d. Ozone Depletion
a. Air Pollution
What type of environmental problem can you help reduce by using natural pesticides and fertilizers on your yard?
a. Water Pollution
b. Acid Rain
c. Ozone Depletion
d. Air Pollution
a. Water Pollution
What type of environmental problem can you help reduce by finding new ways to burn coal?
a. Water Pollution
b. Acid Rain
d. Ozone Depletion
e. Air Pollution
b. Acid Rain
What type of environmental problem can you help reduce by eliminating the use of products containing CFCs?
a. Water Pollution
b. Acid Rain
c. Ozone Depletion
d. Air Pollution
c. Ozone Depletion
Which of the following environmental problems can be reduced by turning down your MP3 player?
a. Air Pollution
b. Noise Pollution
c. Acid Rain
d. Water Pollution
b. Noise Pollution
Which one of the following words is not one of the three R’s of being “Green?”
a. Reduce
b. Rebuild
c. Recycle
d. Reuse
b. Rebuild
What type of medical specialty would you need if you needed your cataracts removed?
a. Plastic surgery
b. Pediatrics
c. Ophthalmology
d. Gastroenterology
c. Ophthalmology
What type of medical specialty would you need if you had Crohn’s disease?
a. Plastic surgery
b. Pediatrics
c. Ophthalmology
d. Gastroenterology
d. Gastroenterology
What type of medical specialty would you need for your one-month old baby?
a. Plastic surgery
b. Pediatrics
c. Ophthalmology
d. Gastroenterology
b. Pediatrics
What type of medical specialty would you need if you sustained a large cut on your face?
a. Plastic surgery
b. Pediatrics
c. Ophthalmology
d. Gastroenterology
a. Plastic surgery