PE chapter 1

Question 1

Describe the process of Inspiration

Answer 1

Intercostal muscles contract, lifting the rib cage up and out. Diaphragm contracts, flattens and moves down - increasing the volume of the lungs. Pressure inside lungs decreases and air rushes in.

Question 2

Describe the process of Expiration

Answer 2

Intercostal muscles relax, rib cage moves down and inwards. Diaphragm relaxes, moves upwards and volume in lungs decreases. Pressure inside the lungs increases and the air moves out.

Question 3

What is Vascular Shunting

Answer 3

process that increases blood flow to active areas during exercise by diverting blood away from inactive areas. Achieved by vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 4

What is vasoconstriction

Answer 4

reducing the diameter of small arteries to decrease blood flow to tissues

Question 5

what is vasodilation

Answer 5

increasing the diameter of small arteries to increase blood flow to tissues.

Question 6

what is tidal volume

Answer 6

the volume of air breathed in and out during a normal breath at rest (a normal breath)

Question 7

what is expiratory/inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 7

additional air that can be forcibly exhaled/inhaled after the expiration/inspiration of a normal breath (deep breaths)

Question 8

what is residual volume

Answer 8

volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration (little bit left)

Question 9

what is vital capacity

Answer 9

maximum amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled and exhaled (range of breath)

Question 10

job of arteries

Answer 10

carry blood AWAY from heart

Question 11

adaptations of arteries

Answer 11

thick elastic walls
small lumen that can expand
carry high pressure blood

Question 12

job of veins

Answer 12

carry blood TOWARDS the heart

Question 13

adaptations of veins

Answer 13

thin walls
less elastic
contain valves to stop blood flow going backwards
carry blood at lower pressure

Question 14

job of capillaries

Answer 14

link arteries and veins

Question 15

adaptations of capillaries

Answer 15

microscopic vessels
one cell thick to allow for quick diffusion
low blood pressure

Question 16

cardiac output equation

Answer 16

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 17

cardiac cycle pt 1

Answer 17

articular and ventricular diastole (chambers and relaxed and filling with blood)

Question 18

cardiac cycle pt 2

Answer 18

atrial systole (atrium contract and remaining blood is pushed into ventricles)

Question 19

cardiac cycle pt 3

Answer 19

ventricular systole (ventricles contract and push blood out through the aorta and pulmonary artery)

Question 20

first 3 steps of blood flow

Answer 20

enter vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle

Question 21

second 3 steps of blood flow

Answer 21

pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
left atrium

Question 22

final 2 steps of blood flow

Answer 22

left ventricle
aorta

Question 23

skull bone

Answer 23

cranium

Question 24

jaw bone

Answer 24

mandible

Question 25

shoulder bone

Answer 25

clavicle

Question 26

bones in the arm(x3)

Answer 26

humorous
radius
ulna

Question 27

bones in the hands(x2)

Answer 27

metacarpals
flanges

Question 28

bones in the leg(x3)

Answer 28

femur
tibia
fibula

Question 29

bones in the ankle (x4)

Answer 29

talus
metatarsels
flanges
tassels

Question 30

bone on back of shoulder

Answer 30

scapula