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Sport Science/PE Boost > PE Boost (Exam) > Flashcards

PE Boost (Exam) Flashcards

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1
Q

HR responses to exercise

A
  • increases
  • resting rate: 60-80 BPM
  • exercise rate:
    moderate: 120-150 BPM
    intense: 180-200 BPM
  • HR increases to meet energy demands of exercise and deliver more O2 to working muscles. Allowing us to work at a higher aerobic intensity.
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2
Q

Steady state – what is it?

A
  • light to moderate intensity cardio session lasting between 30 and 120 minutes where your heart rate stays level.
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3
Q

aVO2 diff

A
  • increases
  • resting rate: low
  • exercise rate: high
  • the difference between oxygen saturation within the arteries opposed to the veins. Directly related to muscular O2 demand.
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4
Q

gaseous exchange at the tissue and lungs

A

Pulmonary Diffusion - occurs between the lungs and the heart through alveoli (site where gas is exchanged)

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5
Q

vasoconstriction & vasodilation

A

-vasoconstriction: the narrowing of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls, blood flow is slowed or blocked.
-vasodilation: blood vessels in your body widen, allowing more blood to flow through them.

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6
Q

stroke volume

A

-increase
-resting rate: 60-80 BPM
- exercise rate:
moderate: 120-150 ml/beat
intense: 150/180 ml/beat
- amount of blood injected out of the heart per beat, it will reach max at around 40% max HR (due to the heart only being so big)

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7
Q

cardiac output

A
  • increases
  • resting rate: 5-6 L/min
    -exercise rate:
    moderate: 12-15 L/min
    intense: 20-30 L/min
  • an increase leads to more O2 rich blood being distributed to working muscles per minute. Allowing us to work at a higher aerobic intensity.
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8
Q

HR X SV = Q

A

Rate(BPM) x volume(ml/beat) = total cardiac output(L/min)

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9
Q

Tidal volume

A
  • increase
  • resting rate: 500 ml/beat
  • exercise rate:
    moderate: 2.5 L/breath
    intense: 3.0 L/breath
  • TV increases to allow greater volume of O2 being taken in per breath. Allowing us to work at a higher aerobic intensity.
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10
Q

Respiratory system

A
  • Nasal cavity, Larynx / Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi
  • Breathing in: Low pressure within the chest cavity and a higher pressure in the outside air, Therefore the air moves into the lungs
  • Breathing out: High pressure within the chest cavity and a lower pressure in the outside air, Therefore the air moves out of the lungs
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11
Q

VO2 max

A
  • refers to the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilise during intense or maximal exercise.
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12
Q

BR X TV = V

A

Breath Rate(BPM) x Tidal Volume(ml/breath) = Ventilation(L/min)

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13
Q

EPOC

A
  • Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
  • result of an elevation in oxygen consumption and metabolism, which occurs after exercise as the body recovers, repairs, and returns to its pre-exercise state.
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14
Q

Oxygen Deficit

A
  • oxygen shortage in the bodies tissues arising from exercise
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15
Q

Types of muscle contraction

A
  • concentric: the muscle length decreases
  • eccentric: the muscle length increases
  • isometric: the muscle length remains unchanged (gripping)
  • isoinertial: load or resistance against the muscle is constant throughout the motion.
  • isokinetic: the resistance changes according to joint angle
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16
Q

Factors affecting muscular strength

A
  • unipennate: fibres on one side of a tendon
  • bipennate: fibres on both side of a tendon
  • multipennate: fibres branch out from a number of tendons
17
Q

Muscular anatomy

A
  • smooth: found in blood vessels and intestinal walls, internal and involuntary.
  • cardiac: only found in the wall of the heart. involuntary
  • skeletal: external, voluntary.
  • FAST TWITCH: contract rapidly, contract with greater force, have a large fibre diameter. (white)
  • SLOW TWITCH: contract slowly with less force, have an increased capacity to use oxygen, have the capacity to contract for longer time periods. (red)
  • Label a diagram
18
Q

Skeletal anatomy

A
  • Axil: skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum, coccyx
  • Appendicular: clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal and tarsals, femur patella, fibula, tibia
  • Vertebrae column: Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5) - fused, coccyx (4) -fused
  • Label a diagram
19
Q

Agonist & antagonist examples

A
  • Agonist: muscle creating movement
  • Antagonist: muscle relaxing
  • Reciprocal Inhibition: muscles work in pairs. Agonist contracts and antagonist must relax.
20
Q

Joints

A
  • Fibrous joint: fixed, immovable (cranium, sacrum)
  • Cartilaginous joint: cartilage joints, slightly moveable (ribs, vertebrae)
  • Synovial joint: freely moveable (knee, arms, hip)
    Types of joints: hinge (elbow), pivot (humerus), ball & socket (hip), ellipsoid (wrist), saddle (thumb), plane (scapula), gliding (vertebrae)
21
Q

Types of anatomical movements

A

flexion - angle decreases at a joint
extension - angle increases at a joint
dorsi flexion - foot moves towards shin
plantar flexion - foot moves away from shin
abduction - moves away from midline
adduction - moves towards midline
supination - twisting (palm up)
pronation - twisting (palm down)
eversion - sole outward
inversion - sole inward
elevation - shoulder girdle moves towards head
depression - shoulder girdle moves away from head
rotation - movement around central axis
circumduction - body moves in a cone shape

22
Q

Thermoregulation & performance

A

Hyperthermia - Heat induced illness (above 38.5 degrees) (flushed, nausea, dizziness) (get out of the sun and into a cool environment)
Hypothermia - When the core of the body drops below 35 degrees (cold, pale, slowed breath, confusion) (Place patient in warm environment)

23
Q

illegal ergogenic aids

A
  • EPO: increases O2 absorption and carrying, enhance aerobic capacity (negatives: blood clots, strokes and dehydration) (endurance/aerobic)
  • Beta Blockers: increases vasodilation, decreases HR and BR
    (negatives: fatigue and headaches) (target sports)
  • Diuretics: rapid weight loss
    (negatives: muscle cramps and weakness, dehydration) (weight sports)
  • Anabolic Steroids: increase muscle bulk and strength, decrease in injury
    (negatives: decrease sperm count, acne) (contact and power related)
24
Q

legal ergogenic aids

A
  • Caffeine: physical and mental stimulus, decrease fatigue
    (negatives: dehydration, increased HR) (aerobic and anaerobic)
  • Creatine: increase muscle fuel, muscle gain, brain function
    (negatives: muscle cramps and weight gain) (power and strength/short)
  • Protein: repairs body’s essential structures, assists recovery
    (negatives: calcium deficiency, displace other nutrients) (weight sports)
  • Sports drinks: contains electrolytes, contains glucose

Sport Science/PE Boost (4 decks)

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