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Sport Science/PE Boost > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Elite Athlete Factors: Genetics

A

Unique genetic profile determines our general shape and fitness characteristics

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2
Q

Elite Athlete Factors: Fitness

A

Health and ability to perform daily activities. (Forms: Speed, Strength & Endurance)

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3
Q

Elite Athlete Factors: Psychological

A

Mental processes involved in behaviour. Such as motivation, concentration, determination.

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4
Q

Elite Athlete Factors: Skill Acquisition

A

A certain level of fitness, there are some people who rapidly learn and acquire, refine skills and others who take much longer.

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5
Q

Fitness Components: Flexibility

A

The range of movement around a joint.

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6
Q

Fitness Components: Anaerobic Capacity

A

The ability of the body to produce energy without using oxygen

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7
Q

Fitness Components: Speed

A

How fast you can move your body or body parts from one point to another

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8
Q

Fitness Components: Agility

A

The ability to change body positions or direction quickly and accurately while maintaining balance.

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9
Q

Fitness Components: Coordination

A

The ability to execute motor skills smoothly and accurately

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10
Q

Fitness Components: Reaction Time

A

The time from the presentation of a stimulus to the onset of a response

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11
Q

Fitness Components: Balance

A

To stay in control of your body position when stationary or moving

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12
Q

Fitness Components: Muscular Endurance

A

The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to perform repeated contractions for an extended period

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13
Q

Fitness Components: Muscular Strength

A

The ability of the muscle to exert a single maximal force to overcome resistance.

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14
Q

Fitness Components: Aerobic Capacity

A

The measure of the ability of the heart and lungs to get oxygen to the muscles.

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15
Q

Fitness Components: Body Composition

A

Proportion of bone, muscle and fat in an athlete.

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16
Q

Fitness Components: Muscular Power

A

Muscular Power is the ability to exert a force rapidly, over a short period

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17
Q

Fitness Test For Flexibility

A

Sit and reach

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18
Q

Fitness Test For Anaerobic Capacity

A

Phosphate recovery test

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19
Q

Fitness Test For Speed

A

50-metre sprint

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20
Q

Fitness Test For Agility

A

Illinois agility test

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21
Q

Fitness Test For Coordination

A

Alternate hand wall toss

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22
Q

Fitness Test For Reaction Time

A

Ruler drop test

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23
Q

Fitness Test For Balance

A

Stork stand test

24
Q

Fitness Test For Muscular Endurance

A

Timed push-ups

25
Q

Fitness Test For Muscular Strength

A

Grip strength

26
Q

Fitness Test For Aerobic Capacity

A

Beep test

27
Q

Fitness Test For Body Composition

A

BMI

28
Q

Fitness Test For Muscular Power

A

Vertical Jump

29
Q

List the three energy systems and complete the following for each:
What fuel is used
the muscle fibres involved
The time period it lasts for
Intensity of exercise

A

o What fuel is used
ATP-PC: Phosphate creatine
Anaerobic glycolysis: Carbohydrates
Aerobic: glycogen/glucose also using fats at rest
o Type and colour of muscle fibres involved
ATP-PC: Fast Twitch ( white )
Anaerobic glycolysis: Fast Twitch ( white )
Aerobic: Slow twitch ( red )
o The period it lasts for (duration)
ATP-PC: 6-8 secs
Anaerobic glycolysis: 10-60 secs
Aerobic: 1min - duration of exercise
o Intensity of exercise
ATP-PC: 95% +
Anaerobic glycolysis: 85-95%
Aerobic: 70-85%

30
Q

Hydrotherapy

A
  • vasodilation the vasoconstriction effect on blood vessels = increased blood flow
  • increased removal of waste products from working muscles
  • increased supply of 02 and nutrients to working muscles
  • decreased severity of DOMS
31
Q

cryotherapy

A
  • ice packs
  • reduces acute inflammation from muscle damage.
  • reduces muscle spasm
  • decreases blood flow
32
Q

thermotherapy

A
  • enhances soft tissue injury recovery
  • increased blood flow
  • increased neural transmission
33
Q

active recovery

A
  • reduction of intensity in movement post-stimulus and returning to pre-exercise condition
    EXAMPLES:
  • slow jog
  • stretches
  • walking
  • swimming
34
Q

passive recovery

A
  • eliminating exercise stimulus/movement to begin recovery process
    EXAMPLES:
  • sauna
  • hot/cold immersion
    -sleep
35
Q

what is DOMS?

A

DOMS stands for delayed onset muscle soreness, and it is muscle soreness that occurs a day or two after intense activity. It occurs because intense activity causes tiny muscle tears and our bodies respond to this by inflammation which can lead to soreness in the muscles.

36
Q

What are ergogenic aids?

A
  • Ergogenic aids: practices, substances or methods (legal or illegal) that improves performance.
  • Anything that enhances (or is thought to enhance) physical or mental performance.
37
Q

steroids benefits

A
  • Anabolic steroids help build muscle tissue and increase body mass by acting like the body’s natural male hormone, testosterone.
38
Q

explain EPO

A

EPO is A hormone that is used to help make red blood cells, and is a type of blood doping. EPO boosts the amount of oxygen going around the body.

39
Q

what is the two types of blood doping?

A
  • AUTOLOGOUS: The transfusion of one’s own blood which has been stored until needed
  • HOMOLOGOUS: The transfusion of blood that has been taken from another person with the same blood type.
40
Q

Explain the inverted U theory

A
  • An athlete needs to have an optimal level of arousal to perform successfully.
  • If under-aroused the athlete may become lethargic, distracted or disinterested.
  • If over-aroused the athlete may become stressed, anxious or overwhelmed.
  • Athletes require different levels of arousal to perform.
  • E.G The more complex the task the lower the arousal
41
Q

How can attention be improved?

A

Strategies to improve attention and concentration:
- Centered breathing
- Mental rehearsal and practice
- Positive self-talk and cue words

42
Q

What is mental imagery?

A
  • When athletes visualise themselves flawlessly performing a skill or competition event such as sinking a putt in golf or throwing a free throw in basketball.
43
Q

intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

A
  • Motivated athletes are more likely to perform to their best and achieve success
    INTRINSIC MOTIVATION: Comes from within and occurs when factors such as enjoyment and satisfaction are the primary motivation for performance.
    EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION: Has external focus and usually involves some form of material benefit such as financial reward, awards and recognition.
44
Q

methods to increase and decrease arousal

A

INCREASE: Pre-game pump up, exercises, motivational addresses, music and video footage
DECREASE: Controlling breathing, doing muscle relaxing exercises

45
Q

sequential and simultaneous summation of force

A
  • SEQUENTIAL: The activation of body parts that are used in sequence to produce force
  • SIMULTANEOUS: The use of multiple body parts at the same time to produce force (sprinter explosively moves multiple body parts at the same time)
46
Q

What is impulse?

A
  • Impulse is a measure of the force applied for a specific time (Particularly throwing activities require the performer to to apply as large force as possible for as long as possible.)
47
Q

CHO Loading

A

Ensuring the body’s stores of carbohydrates ( glycogen ) are full before exercise. It is when you eat lots of carbs before exercise so the body’s stores are full and ready to use when needed. Eat more low GI carbs, glycogen stores and carb levels are more ready and fuller.

48
Q

pre-exercise meals

A

3-4 hours before exercise: carbohydrate-loaded foods such as pasta, rice, crumpets and jam, baked beans, cheese potatoes, and fruit salad with yogurt.
1-2 hours before exercise: Liquid supplement meal, fruit bars, fruit, cereal with milk, sports bars, and smoothies.
Less than 1 hour: Sports drink, carbohydrate gel, jelly lollies, cordial, sports bars.

49
Q

Rate of fluid loss

A

In percentage of Body Weight
2% ~ Impaired performance
4% ~ Capacity for muscular work declines
5% ~ Heat exhaustion
7% ~ Hallucinations
10% ~ Circulatory collapse + heat stroke

50
Q

High/low GI

A

High GI: Carbohydrate foods that are broken down quickly by your body and cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. Simple carbs such as sugar, fat, and lollies.
Low GI: Causes your blood sugar levels to rise and fall slowly, and may help you feel fuller for longer. Complex carbs such as starches, bread, rice, crackers, flour, pasta, and potatoes.

51
Q

Why do we need Fibre?

A

Fibre is undigested parts of food that travel through your digestive system and feed on gut bacteria. Fibre slows down digestion and makes us feel fuller for longer, a lack of fibre can lead to bowel cancer, heart disease, type two diabetes, and stroke.

52
Q

Liquid meal?

A

Carb gels, and sports drinks, contain carbs, choose to get energy from that form because food takes longer, and liquid is easier to digest, the night before you will want to eat low gi carbs but just before of during you will use those gels or drinks to boost your energy and glycogen levels.

53
Q

Food Sources and Functions CHO

A

CHO ( carbohydrates ) is used mainly in exercise and is the body’s primary source of energy for the body and brain.
Excess CHO that is not burnt off is stored in the muscles and liver,.

54
Q

Food Sources and Functions FATS

A

Fats: Unsaturated fats such as plants, and fish help to reduce heart disease and help lowering cholesterol.
Saturated: Meat+other animal products, dairy products, chocolate, sugar. Heightens cholesterol and increases the chances of heart disease and stroke.

55
Q

Food Sources and Functions PROTEINS

A

Protein Growth and repair of body cells, protein is useful after sport to repair the damage to rebuilding the fatigued cells.

Sport Science/PE Boost (4 decks)

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