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A Level Biology Revision > PE AS- Skill Aquisition Joseph Felton > Flashcards

PE AS- Skill Aquisition Joseph Felton Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a skill?

A

The learned ability to bring about predetermined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of a skill?

A 
A-aesthetically pleasing
C-consistent
E-efficient
F-fluent
A-accurate
C-controlled 
E-economical
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3
Q

What is an open skill and provide an example?

A

A skill performed in an unpredictable environment, a pass in football.

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4
Q

What is a closed skill and provide an example?

A

A skill performed in a predictable environment, a shot putt.

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5
Q

What is a gross skill and provide an example?

A

A skill that incorporates large muscle groups, a rugby tackle.

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6
Q

What is a fine skill and provide an example?

A

A skill that incorporates small muscle groups, a table tennis serve.

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7
Q

What is a self-paced skill and provide an example?

A

When the performer controls the start and the speed of the skill, a penalty in football.

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8
Q

What is an externally paced skill and provide an example?

A

When the performer has no control over the start and speed of the skill, swimming dive.

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9
Q

What is a discrete skill and provide an example?

A

A skill that has a clear beginning, middle and end, a tennis serve.

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10
Q

What is a serial skill and provide an example?

A

A skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement, a trampoline routine.

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11
Q

What is a continuous skill and provide an example?

A

A continuous skill has no clear beginning, middle or end, running is a continuous skill.

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12
Q

What is a low organised skill and provide an example?

A

A skill that can be easily broken into parts, swimming stroke is a low organised skill.

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13
Q

What is a highly organised skill and provide an example?

A

A skill that is not easily broken into parts, a volley in football.

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14
Q

What is a simple skill and provide an example?

A

A skill that requires few decisions when being performed. A forward role.

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15
Q

What is a complex skill and provide an example?

A

A skill that requires decision making using ,outs of information when performed. A hockey dribble.

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16
Q

What is positive transfer of learning and provide an example?

A

When the learning of one skill assists in the development of another skill. Netball pass to a basketball pass.

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17
Q

What is negative transfer of learning and provide an example?

A

When the learning of one skill hinders the development of another skill. Tennis serve has a negative effect on a badminton serve.

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18
Q

What is zero transfer of learning and provide an example?

A

When the learning of one skill has no impact on the development of another skill. Swimming to a rock climber.

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19
Q

What is bilateral transfer of learning and provide an example?

A

When the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb. Right foot to left foot in football.

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20
Q

How can a coach ensure the positive transfer of learning?

A

Make training realistic with small game scenarios, make sure the previous skill is fully developed before the new skill is learnt, use reward and reinforcement to encourage performer.

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21
Q

What is whole practice?

A

Practising the skill in its entirety.

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22
Q

When might a coach decide to use whole practice?

A

When the skill is closed, discrete

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23
Q

Provide 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of whole practice?

A

ADV-Develops kinesthesis

DADV-Too much information beyond capabilities of performer

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24
Q

What is whole-part-whole practice?

A

Practising the skill in its entirety, breaking it down to focus on a specific weakness then putting the skill back together.

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25
Q

When might a coach decide to use whole-part-whole practice?

A

When the skill is complex, difficult to isolate.

26
Q

Provide 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of whole-part-whole practice?

A

ADV-Shows weakness and corrects it.

DADV-Time consuming

27
Q

What is progressive part practice?

A

Practising the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually, referred to as chaining.

28
Q

What is chaining?

A

Linking sub-routines or parts of a task together in a set order. Can be used to produce serial skills.

29
Q

Why might a coach decide to use progressive part practice?

A

When the skill is complex, serial

30
Q

Provide 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of progressive part practice?

A

ADV-Stages of succession provides motivation,

DADV-Time consuming,

31
Q

What is massed practice?

A

No rest intervals.

32
Q

When might a coach decide to use massed practice?

A

When the skill is discrete, simple,

33
Q

Provide 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of massed practice?

A

ADV- Increases fitness,

DADV- Fatigue,

34
Q

What is distributed practice?

A

Rest intervals.

35
Q

When might a coach decide to use distributed practice?

A

When the skill is continuous, complex, .

36
Q

Provide 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of distributed practice?

A

ADV-Allows recovery,

DADV- Time consuming,

37
Q

What is varied practice?

A

Changing the practice type and practiced skills.

38
Q

When might a coach decide to use varied practice?

A

When the skill is complex, open

39
Q

Provide 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of varied practice?

A

ADV-Builds schema,

DADV-Time consuming,

40
Q

What is mental practice?

A

Rehearsing performance in the players mind.

41
Q

When might a performer decide to use mental practice?

A

When the skill is serial, complex.

42
Q

Provide 2 benefits of mental practice?

A

Improves reaction time, builds confidence.

43
Q

How can a coach use mental practice?

A

For beginners mental practice should be short and key parts of the task should be emphasised. For experts mental practice should be use in a session before a big game so tactics and strategies can be revised.

44
Q

Describe the cognitive stage of learning?

A

First stage of learning used by novices, understanding sub-routines and performance based on trial and error.

45
Q

Describe the associative stage of learning?

A

Second stage of learning in which motor programmes are developed and performances are smoother.

46
Q

Describe the autonomous stage of learning?

A

Final stage of learning in which movement is detailed, skills are performed subconsciously and effortlessly.

47
Q

Name all types of feedback?

A

Positive, Negative, extrinsic, intrinsic, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance.

48
Q

What type of feedback will a cognitive learner rely on?

A

Positive, extrinsic, from coach, knowledge of performance.

49
Q

What type of feedback will an associative learner rely on?

A

Intrinsic, extrinsic, positive, negative, knowledge of performance.

50
Q

What type of feedback will an autonomous learner rely on?

A

Extrinsic, knowledge of results.

51
Q

What is a learning plateau?

A

A period of no improvement in performance.

52
Q

What are 3 possible causes of a learning plateau?

A

Lack of motivation, fatigue, Coaching.

53
Q

What are 3 possible solutions to overcoming a learning plateau?

A

Rest could be taken to avoid fatigue, new coach could be found to raise performance levels, new targets could be set

54
Q

What is visual guidance?

A

Guidance that can be seen, a demonstration.

55
Q

Provide 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of visual guidance?

A

ADV-Visual guidance can highlight a specific weakness,

DADV-Demonstration must be completely accurate to prevent negative transfer.

56
Q

What is verbal guidance?

A

An explanation.

57
Q

Provide 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of verbal guidance?

A

ADV-Explanation can be given quickly and is not time consuming,
DADV-Too much information can cause information overload.

58
Q

What is manual guidance?

A

Physical support.

59
Q

Provide 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of manual guidance?

A

ADV-Helps to build confidence,

DADV-Performer can depend on manual guidance if overused.

60
Q

What is mechanical guidance?

A

An artificial aid.

61
Q

Provide 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of mechanical guidance?

A

ADV- eliminates danger.

DADV-performer can become too dependant on artificial aid hindering performance without the aid

A Level Biology Revision (10 decks)

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