Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PE > PE 1.1, > Flashcards

PE 1.1, Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 planes of movement

A

frontal, sagital, transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

process of muscle skeletal contraction

A

motor neurons initiate the nerve impulse,
nerve impulse is conducted down the axon,
if muscle fibre is above threshold the muscle will contact,
all or nothing rule,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is adduction and abduction

A

Abduction - limbs are moved away from the body midline
adduction - limbs are brought back to the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 3 muscle fibre types

A

SO, FOG, FG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain the conduction system

A

SA Node generates electrical impulse,
AV node collects impulse and delays by 0.1 seconds,
Bundle of his separates the impulse into 2,
Pujunke fibres distribute the impulse into the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe distatole (relaxation)

A

due to the ventricles and the atria relaxing means lower blood pressure,
AV valves are open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe Systole (contraction)

A

Atrial; atria contacts forcing the blood into the ventricles.
Ventricles; ventricles contact, AV valves close and force the blood out of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Resting values for HR, CO, SV, at rest (untrained)

A

HR; 72
CO; 70ml
SV; 5l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

maximal values for HR,CO,SV untrained

A

HR;220-age
CO;100-120ml
SV;20-30l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

resting vales for HR,CO,SV trained

A

HR;50
SV;100
CO;5l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

maximal values for HR,SV,CO trained

A

HR;220-age
SV;160-200
CO;30-40l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

role of proprioceptors

A

tell the body if it has started movement or stopped movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

role of chemoreceptors

A

detect a decrease in PH due to an increase in LA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

role of baroreceptors

A

detect an increase of BP,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

affect of temp on the heart

A

affect blood viscosity, increase the speed of nerve impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

role of adrenaline on the heart

A

increase SV and HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe venous return

A

smooth muscle walls,
muscular pump,
pocket valves,
respiratory pump,
gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe vascular shunt mechanisms

A

vasoconsticts bloods vessels to the non vital organs and vasodilatos the blood vessels to the working muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Resting values of BR,TV,MV untrained

A

BR; 12-15
TV; 500ml
MV;6l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Resting values for BR, TV, MV trained

A

BR;11-12
TV;500ml
MV;6l/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Maximal values for BR,TV,MV

A

BR;40
TV;3l
MV;100l/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Maximal values for BR,TV,MV (trained)

A

BR;50
TV;3l
MV;160l/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mechanics of breathing of inspiration at rest

A

Active process
external intercostal muscles contract forcing the chest up and out.
the diaphragm contracts and flattens which increases the size of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mechanics of breathing of expiration at rest and what process is it?

A

Passive process
external intercostal muscles relax so the chest walls move in and down
diaphram contractes and buldges up reducing size of the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Mechanics of breathing of inspiration during exercise
Active process Sternoclastamoid and Pectoralis minor get recruited to help lift the ribs out more. increases the volume of the chest thoracic cavity increases which creates a larger concentration gradient between inside the lungs and outside the body
26
Mechanics of breathing of expiration during exercise
Active process internal intercostal muscles contract and bring the ins back in the rectus abdominals also contracts causing the diaphragm up. this decreases the volume of thoracic cavity increases pressure in the lungs, therefore air is forced out of the lungs due the large concentration gradient
27
role of thermoreceptors
Detect a change in blood temperature
28
explain internal respiration at rest
O2 moves from high PP in the alveoli to low PP in the capillaries DTDG CO2 moves from high partial pressure in the capillaries to low partial pressure in the alveoli. DTDG
29
explain external respiration at rest
O2 moves from high PP in the capillaries to low PP on the working muscles DTDG CO2 moves from high PP in working muscles to low PP to low PP in the capilaries
30
explain external respiration during exercise
The O2 diffusion gradient steepens, going from a higher PP in alveoli to lower PP in the capillaries CO2 diffusion gradient also stipends, going from higher PP in the capilaries to Lower PP in the alveoli.
31
Explain internal respiration during exercise
O2 goes from higher PP in the capilaries to lower PP in the working muscles. CO2 goes from Higher PP in the working muscles to Lower PP in the capilaries
32
Define the term dissociation
oxygen unloading from haemaglobin
33
describe bohr shift
upward shift to the right due to increased acidity in the blood stream
34
describe The effect of Bohr shift
increase in muscle and blood temperature increase of PP in CO2 increase in production of LA and the PH lowers
35
Name 3 energy systems
ATP-PC Glycolytic aerobic
36
type of reaction for the Ek systems
ATP-PC - anaerobic Glycolytic - anaerobic Aerobic - aerobic
37
Chemical/fuel used for ATP, GLY, AER
ATP- Phosphocreatine GLY - glucose Aer - Glycogen
38
Site of reaction for ATP,GLY,AER
ATP + GLY = sarcoplasm AER - Stage 1 - scarcoplasm Stage 2 - Kreb cycle Stage 3 - Cristae
39
Describe the Kreb cycle
1:1 yield CO2 is released Site of matrix is mitochondria
40
describe the electron transport chain
34 ATP is released H2O is a by product
41
what is the coupled reaction
ATP -> ADP + P + energy ADP + P + energy = ATP
42
By products for the EK systems
ATP - none GLY - LA AER - CO2 + H2O
43
Strengths of the ATP-PC system
No delay for O2 PC is readily available Simple and rapid breakdown
44
Weaknesses of the ATP-PC system
Low ATP yield, so starts to fatigue after 10 seconds
45
Strengths for the Glycolytic system
No delay for O2, large fuels in the liver and muscles LA can be recycled into further ek production
46
Weaknesses for the Glycolytic system
Fatiguing by product (LA) relatively low ATP yield
47
Strengths for the aerobic system
High ATP yield no fatiguing by products
48
Weaknesses of the aerobic system
Delay for the delivery for O2
49
Define EPOC
the volume of O2 needed to return the body to its pre composite state
50
what's happens in the first stage of the recovery process
Phosphocreatine stores are replenished replenishment of blood and O2 and muscle O2
51
what happens in the second stage of the recovery process
Elevated ventilation and circulation elevated body temp removal of LA
52
400m sprint vs jog why does it take longer for the sprinter to recover
Due to high intensity anaerobic work there is an increased build up of LA and a larger O2 debt
53
describe the Acclimatisation guidelines
3-5 days - low altitude performance (1000-2000) 1-2 weeks for moderate altitude 2000-3000 2+ weeks for 3000m+ 4+ weeks for extreme 5000m+
54
Acclimatisation benefits
increase the red blood cell production BR and MV stabilise SV and CO decrease as the use of O2 becomes more efficient
55
what is Hyperthermia caused by?
high and prolonged exercise intensities high air temp high relative humidity
56
What is cardiovascular drift
when the temp increases by 1 degrees then the HR will increase by 10bpm
57
what are the effects of heat and humidity on the cardiovascular system
dilation of atrioles and capillaries to the skin, which increases the blood flow to the muscles. Decreased blood volume, venous return, SV and CO, which causes increase HR, increased strain of cardiovascular system
58
what are the effects of heat and humidity on the respiratory system
Dehydration and drying of the airways due to when the temperature is above 32 degrees breathing becomes difficult, which causes increased mucus production, constriction of the airways, increased breathing frequency, which causes an increase oxygen cost. High levels of sunlight increases pollutants, which causes increased irritation of the airways.
59
what are the pre composite strategies to maximise performance in heat and humidity
7-14 days of acclimatisation to increase tolerance to the heat use cooling aids such as ice vests to reduce core body temp
60
what are the during competition strategies to maximise performance in the heat and humidity
wear suitable clothing rehydration
61
what are the post competition strategies to maximise performance in the heat and humidity
use cooling aids such as ice baths rehydrate the body using isotonic drinks

PE (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions