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Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is on the muscular movement continuum

A

gross/fine

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2
Q

define a gross skill
and a sporting example

A

skills that use a lot of muscles
a shot put

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3
Q

define a fine skills
and a sporting example

A

skill that doesn’t use a lot of muscles
snooker shot or darts

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4
Q

what is on the environment continuum

A

open/closed

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5
Q

define an open skill
and sporting example

A

a skill that is affected my external factors where the environment in continuously changing
pass in football

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6
Q

define a closed skill
and a sporting example

A

skills that are not affected by the environment
free throw

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7
Q

what is on the continuity continuum

A

serial/continous/discrete

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8
Q

define serial skills
and sporting example

A

large group of discrete put together to create one skill
triple jump

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9
Q

define continuous skills
and a sporting example

A

a skill that has no obvious beginning and end
cycling

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10
Q

define a discrete skill
and a sporting example

A

a skill that is brief that have a clear beginning and end
penalty kick in football

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11
Q

what is on the pacing continuum

A

self-paced/externally paced

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12
Q

define a self paced skill
sporting example

A

the performer controls the rate of which the skill in performed
javelin throw

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13
Q

define externally paced skill
sporting example

A

where the the environment controls the rate of which the skill is performed
a floor routine to music

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14
Q

what is on the difficultly continuum

A

simple/complex

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15
Q

define a simple skill
sporting example

A

a skill that takes little to no though process
swimming

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16
Q

define a complex skill
sporting example

A

a skill that takes a lot of thought process
somersault

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17
Q

what is on the organisation continuum

A

low/high

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18
Q

define a low organisation skill
sporting example

A

easy and uncomplicated - easy to split into sub routines
swimming strokes

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19
Q

define a high organisation skill
sporting example

A

sub routines cannot be broken and practice
cartwheel

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20
Q

what is part practice
when is it used
a sporting example

A

working on an isolated sub routine
when task is dangerous
only learning the backswing in tennis

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21
Q

what is whole practice
when is it used
a sporting example

A

skills being taught without being broken into subroutines
when the skill is high organisation

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22
Q

what is whole part whole practice
when is it used
sporting example

A

practicing as a whole then splitting into subroutines then back into the whole
with serial skills
practice different jumps in triple jump

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23
Q

what is progressive part practice
when is it used
sporting example

A

when the skill is leant by parts then put into action - called chaining
complex skills , low organisation skills
triple jump

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24
Q

what is massed practice
when is it used
sporting example

A

when skill is repeated continuously without breaks
highly motivated performers
continuous free throws

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25
what is distributed practice when is it used sporting example
they have rest in between used for continuous skills swimmer swims length then teacher gives feedback
26
what is fixed practice when is it used sporting example
specific movement that is performed repeatedly in a stable environment with closed skills discus thrower practicing the discus circle
27
what is varied practice when is it used sporting example
skill is practiced in many environments when it is an open skill hockey team attacking but defence set up differently each time
28
what is proactive transfer
when a skill leant previously affects a skill that is yet to be learnt
29
what is retroactive transfer
when the learning of a skill affects one leant previously
30
what is positive transfer
when the learning of one skill helps the learning of another skill
31
what is negative transfer
when the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another skill
32
what is bilateral transfer
when a skill is learnt on limb and is transferred onto the other
33
how can coach aid positive transfer?
making sure the coach understands the difference between the 2 skills making sure the basics of the first skill are well learned make sure the demonstrations are clear
34
sporting example of positive transfer
the throw in tennis can aid the learning of a throw in cricket
35
when does negative transfer occur?
when a skill with the same stimulus requires different response
36
how can a coach avoid negative transfer?
making sure the performer knows the differance between the 2 skills make the training similar to match situations to ensure a more generalised motor programme give clear demonstrations
37
example of negative transfer
squash player may have trouble learning tennis swing as a the wrist flick is different
38
name the 3 learning theories
cognitive theory of learning operant conditioning observational learning
39
describe operant conditioning
trial and error approach to the correct response a reward is given reinforces the correct response
40
describe cognitive theory of learning
skills are learnt best when the skill is performed as a whole learner must think and understand the skill as a whole learner will use previous experience as a tool to aid them learn the skill to plan a solution
41
describe observational theory of learning
behaviour of role models will be copied if they are of higher status or the same gender it is a form of visual guidance demonstration is presented for the learner copy
42
3 stages of learning
cognitive associative autonomous
43
describe a cognitive learner
tries to create a mental picture demos are vital teachers to not info overload trial and error needed performance will be inconsistent, lack co-ordination, full of errors
44
describe an associative learner
attends to relevant cues practice stage fewer errors leaner learns how to used internal feedback detailed verbal feedback is given
45
describe an autonomous learner
execute skill with little to no thought process they can concentrate on other factors like where can they hit the ball based on the opponents place, and not on how to hold the grip or perform the skill
46
name 4 types of guidance
verbal visual mechanical manual
47
2 advantages of verbal guidance
simple and quick easy to reinforce good movements
48
2 negatives of verbal guidance
can be too quick can lead to an information overload
49
2 advantages of visual guidance
quick easy to create mental image
50
2 negatives of visual guidance
if demo is wrong it can lead to the performer also getting the skill wrong can be too quick
51
2 advantages of mechanical and manual guidance
helps with confidence helps create K feel can help to isolate a skill
52
2 disadvantages of mechanical and manual guidance
can be over restrictive can lead to false K feel
53
name the 6 types of feedback
intrinsic/extrinsic positive/negative knowledge of results knowledge of performance
54
what is intrinsic feedback give sporting example
you know if it went well internally due to it feeling correct whether or not you have hit the ball out the middle of the bat in cricket
55
what is extrinsic feedback give sporting example
it is from an external source like a teacher the coach saying you need to point your toes in a pike dive
56
what is positive feedback
praise is received by a coach when performed a skill well
57
what is negative feedback
given when you have performed badly or wrong coach telling you had a bad pass
58
what is KOP give sporting example
a coach telling you you did well or you know internally that you have done well
59
what is knowledge of results give sporting examples
knowing you did well based off of the result a shot was good because it went in
60
2 advantages of intrinsic feedback
occurs immediately don't have to rely on anyone
61
negative of intrinsic feedback
if still in the cognitive stage won't be good
62
advantage of extrinsic feedback
coaching points can lead to improvements
63
2 disadvantages of extrinsic feedback
inaccurate feedback is bad source could be unreliable doesn't encourage kinathesis
64
2 advantages for positive feedback
reinforcement of sr bonds extremely motivating increases confidence
65
2 disadvantages for positive feedback
can lead to wrong sr bonds being strengthened some may ignore praise
66
2 advantages for negative feedback
good for elite level athletes good for direct improvement can increase motivation
67
2 negatives for negative feedback
can demotivate beginners can be detrimental to learning
68
advantage of KOP
allows to know what good performance feels like can motivate
69
disadvantage of KOP
may demotivate if not done well
70
advantage of KOR
allows to see the outcome can motivate
71
disadvantage of KOR
can demotivate

PE (7 decks)

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