PDT Flashcards
The assessment process: the process of assessing an incident involves what 4 considerations?
- the situational factors
- subject behaviours
- the officer’s perception
- tactical considerations
What are the 6 basic principles that underlie the IMIM - Incident Management Intervention Model
- The primary duty of a peace officer is to preserve and protect life.
- The primary objective of any intervention is public safety.
- Police officer safety is essential to public safety.
- The IMIM is consistent with federal statute law and common law authorities and in no way replaces or augments the law.
- The intervention model must always be applied in the context of a careful assessment of risk, taking into account the likelihood and extent of life, loss, injury, and damage to property as a result of the intervention.
- Risk assessment is a continuous process and risk management must evolve as situations change.
As soon as an officer becomes aware of an incident, the risk assessment begins. These are a key component of risk assessment and there are a number of things that must be considered and these may influence the officer’s risk assessment.
Situational factors
These conditions include the officer taking into account weather conditions, the moment of the day, location, physical position, or biohazards.
Environment
What are the components of the IMIM?
- Situational factors
- Tactical considerations
- Perceptions
- Tactical Repositioning
Situational Factors
x6
- Environment
- Number of subjects
- Perceived Subjects’ abilities
- Knowledge of subject
- Time & Distance
- Threat cues
officer’s perception of a subject’s various characteristics
perceived subjects’ abilities
Prior knowledge may affect the officer’s assessment of the situation. He/she must be aware of the subject’s criminal history, reputation, or the officer may have had prior contact with the subject.
Knowledge of the subject
Physical behaviours displayed by a subject that have been known to precede an attack on an officer
Threat cues
What are some threat cues?
x10
- ignoring the officer
- repetitious questioning
- aggressive verbalization
- emotional venting
- refusal to comply with lawful request
- ceasing all movement
- invasion of personal space
- adopting an aggressive stance
- furtive/sneaky glances
- hiding
What are the 5 categories of subject behaviours?
- Co-operative
- Passive Resistant
- Active resistant
- Assaultive
- Grievous bodily harm or death
The subject responds appropriately to the officer’s presence, communication and control.
Co-operative
Subject refuses, with little or no physical action, to co-operate with the officer’s lawful direction. It can assume the form of verbal refusal or consciously contrived physical inactivity - the subject will go limp and become dead weight.
Passive resistant
The subject uses non-assaultive physical action to resist, or while resisting an officer’s lawful direction. Examples would include pulling away or running away from an officer.
Active resistant
The subject attempts to apply, or applies force to any person; attempts or threatens by an act or gesture, to apply force to another person
Assaultive
What two separate factors are graphically represented in the same area on the IMIM because they are viewed as interrelated?
Perception & Tactical considerations
What are some examples of tactical considerations?
x10
- Tactical repositioning
- officer presence
- uniform and equipment
- number of officers
- availability of backup
- availability of cover
- geographic consideration
- Practicality of containment, distance, communications
- agency policies and guidelines
- availability of special units and equipment
What are some factors that may be unique to the individual officer regarding perception?
x10
- size/strength/overall fitness
- personal experience
- skill/ability/training
- fears/confidence
- gender
- fatigue
- injuries
- critical incident stress symptoms
- cultural background
- sight/vision
What 4 things drive the risk assessment process?
- Situational factors
- subject’s behaviour
- officer’s perception
- tactical considerations
What are the 2 types of physical control?
hard & soft
These techniques are control oriented and have a lower probability of causing injury. These may include escorting, restraining, joint locks and non-resistant handcuffing
Soft
Intended to stop the subject’s behaviour or allow application of a control technique and have a higher probability of causing injury, They may include empty hand strikes such as punches and kicks
Hard techniques
Involves the use of less lethal weapons - kinetic energy weapons, aerosols and conducted energy weapons fall under this category
Intermediate weapons
The primary duty of a peace officer is to preserve and protect life. However, when a situation escalates dangerously, or when the consequences of continues police intervention seriously increase the danger to anyone, this may be an option to consider.
Tactical repositioning
What are the 7 stages of risk assessment?
- Information gathering
- En route
- Arrival
- Approach
- Entry
- Interior
- Exit
In this stage the officer receives the call for service. The officer must determine what the risk is to the public and police and if they know how to deal with the situation. Based on this assessment the officer will make tactical choices about how fast to respond and what resources they need to handle the call.
Information gathering
The officer is on his way to the call. The risk assessment at this time is divided. The first and most immediate are the risks associated with getting to the scene such as road conditions. While on his way to the scene, the officer may be acquiring further information or assessing further resources which may affect the risk assessment at the scene.
En route
The officer is coming up to the scene and should use all of their senses to assess the situation. The officer should also identify things which will provide a tactical advantage such as cover and concealment.
Arrival
The police vehicle is parked and the officer is now approaching the scene.
Approach
The officer is about to interact with people involved in the incident.
Entry
The officer is now inside the structure. The officer must continue to scan the room for threats, weapons, evidence, people, entrances/exits.
Interior
The officer is exiting the scene. One of the greatest safety issues is believing the situation has been controlled and relaxing too soon. It is important for the officer to remain alert to further threats when exiting.
Exit
What are the 4 Cs?
- Check your environment
- threats
- cover
- scene safety - Check condition
- your condition, your partner’s
- check tools
- condition of subject - Combat breathing
- check in with dispatch
- communicated with partner if have one
- communicated with dispatch
- updated other responding units
DARCS
- Double lock - the handcuffs to prevent them from tightening
- Arrest - arrest the subject and advice them of the reasons for the arrest
- Rights - provide the subject with their rights to counsel under the Charter
- Caution - provide the subject with the standard police warning - advise the subject that they have a right against self-incrimination
- Search -
ALPS
- Ask - ask the subject if they have anything on them you should know about
- Look
- Pat
- Squeeze
