PD - Non-motor symptoms Flashcards
What are some non-motor symptoms of PD
Behavioral Cognitive Dysautonomia Sensory Problems Sleep disorders Weight loss Fatigue
What is Bradyphrenia
slowness of thought
What is Dysautonomia
How your body responds
Behavioral ex: (PD)
Anxiety Depression A-Motivation Apathy Insomnia Impulsivity Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms
Cognitive ex:
PD
Bradyphrenia Confusion Word finding difficulty Memory loss Dementia Hallucinations Psychosis
Dysautonomia ex:
Chills/sweats Orthostatic Hypotension Sexual dysfn Constipation Urinary frequency & urgency Seborrhea Sialorrhea
What is Seborrhea
common skin problem. It causes a red, itchy rash and white scales. When it affects the scalp, it is called “dandruff.
(PD)
Sensory problem ex:
PD
Pain
Paraesthesia
Anosmia
what is anosmia
The loss of the sense of smell, either total or partial
Sleep disorder ex:
REM behavioral d/o
Vivid Dreams
Fatigue and PD can be due to
↓ Respiratory Function
BG projections to Frontal Lobe can effect with circuits
Dorsolateral Pre-frontal Circuit
Orbitofrontal Circuit
Anterior Cingulate Circuit
Dorsolateral Pre-frontal Circuit affects
Executive Functions
- Higher order processing
- Problem solving
- Planning
- Prioritizing
- Conceptual shifts
- Multitasking
- Working memory
Orbitofrontal Circuit affects
Mediates personality & socially appropriate behavior
- Apathy
- A-motivation
- Impulsivity
- Introversion
Anterior Cingulate Circuit
affects
Depression
Anxiety
Pain syndromes and PD
Back/Neck pain
Postural changes & DJD
Rigidity, dystonia, dyskinesia
Limb pain – Cramping; most common in shoulder & proximal arm
Rigidity, Dystonia, DJD
Restless Leg Syndrome – common in PD, can be unilateral, painful, relieved by activity or movement
“Off” Paraesthesia – sensory changes during “off period”
Depression & PD
Depression – 50% of PD pts 1°: due to loss of dopamine neurons 2°: due in part to sensory deprivation from paucity of movement Significant contributor to QOL issues Usually responds to meds
can be primary b/c of lack of dopamine
Dementia and PD
Risk is 4x higher in PD pts over a 3-5 year period than normals
Hallucinations and PD
Usually visual in nature
Other psychiatric disorders usually present with audio or tactile hallucinations
Begins by seeing “dots”, then becomes “people” or “objects”
Be cautious in the use of medications to treat hallucinations b/c antipsychotic meds block dopamine
Can be very dangerous 🡪 risk for falls!!!
↑ Risk for caregiver burn-out
Sleep disorders reasons why pts wry PD can’t fall asleep
RLS
Anxiety
Motor discomfort
Bladder issues
PD and Sleep disorders: cant stay asleep
Depression
REM Behavior D/o
Bladder issues
Anxiety
Sleep disorders: don’t sleep well (PD)
REM BD
Sleep apnea
Potential Issues Caused by sleep d/o
Fatigue
Night time safety
↓ Motor & behavioral relaxation
Caregiver burn-out
Psychosis and PD and risk factors
Dopamine-induced psychosis: features…
Vivid dreams & nightmares, disorientation, hallucinations, delusional thought
Increased risk of morbidity and nursing home placement
Risk Factors: poly-pharmacy, age, dementia, visual problems
Treat with atypical antipsychotics (i.e. Cholinesterase inhibitors)–> increasing cholinergic function found to improve cognition & behavior
