Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Neuro - MS,AD,HD,PD > Multiple Sclerosis- epidemiology > Flashcards

Multiple Sclerosis- epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

Does MS affect women or men more

A

women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do adolescence get MS

A

it is uncommon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At what age is the most common onset of MS

A

between 20 and 40 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Can people in their 60s get MS

A

uncommon after 60, but the disease can be very mild until 60, then require medical intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Geographical Pattern of Prevalence - which countries are at more risk and least at risk

A

High risk areas
Northern US, Northern Europe, Southern Canada, New Zealand, Southern Australia

Medium risk areas
Southern US and Europe, Northern Australia

Low risk
Africa, Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Migration patterns & epidemiological studies have revealed that where a person spends the 1st 15 years of life determines the likelihood of developing MS

A

If you were born in the north and move to the south at 17, higher risk
If you were born in the south and move north at 17, lower risk
If you were born in the north and move south at 10, lower risk
If you were born in the south and move north at 10, higher risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do geographical patterns of MS tell us?

A

Indicates an environmental trigger (e.g. virus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Exposure to Viral Agent

A

Molecular Mimicry
Immune system responds to viral agent with activated myelin-reactive lymphocytes

Implicated Viruses, yet to be proven
Epstein-Barr
Measles
Canine Distemper
Human Herpes Virus-6
Chlamydia pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Genetics and MS

A

Risk of developing MS is greater if you have a sibling with MS, greater risk for ♀ sibling vs. ♂ sibling
3% for sibling
5% for fraternal co-twin
25% for identical co-twin

Risk is 1 in 750 for getting MS in the general population, but 1 in 40 for someone with a family history of MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Favorable prognostic indicators:

A

Female, onset before age 35, monoregional vs polyregional attacks, and complete recovery after attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Unfavorable prognostic indicators: For MS

A

Male, brainstem symptoms (ataxia, nystagmus, tremor, dysarthria), poor recovery after exacerbations, & high frequency of attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is monoregional vs polyregional attacks?

A

monoregional vs polyregional - one area of attack as suppose to multiple area of attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should someone do if they are getting an MS exasperation

A

Go to the hospital right away and get steroids so you can reduce damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 types of MS

A

Relapsing-Remitting (RR)
Primary-Progressive (PP)
Secondary-Progressive (SP)
Progressive-Relapsing (PR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Myelocortical MS (MCMS)*

A

Is a new sub-type of MS identified in 2018.
It is marked by demyelination of the spinal cord and cerebral cortex but not of cerebral white matter.

Neuronal loss with no demyelination of the white matter
Neurons become swollen and look like typical MS lesions indicative of white matter myelin loss on MRI
Indistinguishable from traditional MS on MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Relapsing-Remitting MS

A 
Episodes of rapid, abrupt & unpredictable deterioration with variable degrees of recovery over time & minimal residual disability
Periods btw relapses are characterized by lack of disease progression
Most common (85-90%)
17
Q

Can RR develop into something else?

A

After 10-15 years, will develop into progressive MS in 30-40% of individuals

50% need assistive devices 15 yr post onset

40% with attacks rendering them nonambulatory never regain ability to ambulate

18
Q

How is RR characterized?

A

Characterized by clearly defined acute attacks with full recovery or with sequelae & residual deficit upon recovery.
Periods between disease relapses are characterized by lack of disease progression.

19
Q

Primary-Progressive

is

A

Characterized by a steady progression of continuous worsening with minor fluctuations, but without distinct periods of relapses and remissions
Plateaus rather than remissions
Aka relapsing-progressive
Tends to affect people who are older at disease onset
Approximately 10%

20
Q

PP characterized by

A

Characterized by disease showing progression of disability from onset, without plateaus or remissions (A) or with occasional plateaus & temporary minor improvements (B).

21
Q

Secondary Progressive

is

A

Begins as relapsing-remitting (85-90%), followed by progression with or w/o occasional relapse, minor remission, or plateau

The decline may include new neurologic symptoms, worsening cognitive function, or other deficits.

22
Q

SP initial course

A

Begins with an initial RR course, followed by progression of variable rate that may also include occasional relapses & minor remissions.

23
Q

Progressive-Relapsing is

A

Steady progressive deterioration from onset with clear, acute relapses that may or may not resolve
Periods between relapses are characterized by continued progression
Pace of deterioration can vary
The least common of all MS sub-types

24
Q

Which type of MS is one of the more aggressive types

A

PR

25
Q

PR shows

A

Shows progression from onset but with clear acute relapses with or without full recovery.

26
Q

What does Myelocortical MS tell us?

A

Neurodegeneration and demyelination can occur independently in MS

27
Q

What is the most common form of MS?

A

RR- most people with this live a normal life.

28
Q

Is there medication for MS

A

most of the medication for MS treats RR. It potentially delays the frequency of relapses -> less long term damage

29
Q

Why might someone not the the medicine for MS?

A

The Side Effects
B&B issues
Nausea
Visual Deficits

30
Q

After 10-15 years of RR what might happen to 40% of people

A

they will develop a progressive form of MS

31
Q

Which type of MS is a general slow decline?

A

PP

32
Q

For the 40% of people with RR that gets progressive, what does it turn into?

A

SP

33
Q

To confirm MS by MRI, the MRI has to be

A

Temporally and Spatially distinct

34
Q

How do you further confirm MS and what would you see?

A

Lumbar puncture, you will see an increase of gamma globulins and WBC in the CSF

35
Q

How is primary progressive MS diagnosed

A

In primary progressive MS, a slow progression of s/s over at least 6 months is required for diagnosis

36
Q

What are the 3 common impairment Measures

A

MFIS – Modified Fatigue Impact Scale
MS Quality of Life Inventory
EDSS – Expanded Disability Status Scale

Clinical Neuro - MS,AD,HD,PD (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions