PD Flashcards
Pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body
Ion Channels
Ligand vs. Voltage-gated
Seconds to respond
Nicotinic & GABA
GPCR
Receptor family
Activates 2nd messenger
Muscarinic/cholinergic, adrenergic, dopaminergic, opioid
Transmembrane Receptor
Transmembrane embedded enzyme-linked receptors
Growth & development
Insulin
Intracellular Receptor
Proteins found inside the nucleus
Hydrophobic ligands
Modify gene transcription
Steroid hormones & Vitamin D
Ligand
Chemical substance that binds to receptors
Endogenous
Naturally occurring
Exogenous
Drugs
Lock & Key Theory
Stereochemistry
Agonist
Activates receptors
Causes intrinsic activity
Antagonist
Receptor affinity
No intrinsic activity
Competitive vs. non-competitive
Allosteric
Makes receptors more available to endogenous substances
Potency
Affinity
How much drug to get an effect?
Efficacy
Effect
Does drug produce desired effect?
Variability
Nothing exactly the same
Not one-size-fits-all
Individual
Genetic differences, age, gender, comorbidities, dietary & supplements, drug-drug interactions