PD Flashcards
Motor BG functions
Initiation (reaction time)
Selection and recruitment (movement time)
Sequence (recruitment order)
Rigidity
resistance to passive movment
hypokinetic
movement doesn’t occur when it should
hyperkinetic
movement occurs when it should not
unknown process; may be indirect effects of BG on reticulospinal tracts
Rigitity
impaired initiation of movement
akinesia
decreased amplitude and velocity of movment
bradykinesia
hypokinetic disorders are usually accompanied by tone changes
rigitity
excessive involuntary movment
dyskinesias
tremor
rhythmic, involuntary, oscillatory movements
athetosis
slow, writing movemnt of extremities
chorea
jerky, random limb and orofacial movements
ballism
violent, large amplitude proximal limb movement
dystonia
sustained postures and slow con-contractions
tic
brief, repetitive, involuntary movements
most common non motor BG function
cognitive
bradyphrenia
speed of mental processing
common cognitive problems
bradyphrenia, executive function, discrimination, memory, motivation and reward, dementia
neurobehavioral symptoms
compulsion, obsessive and addictive behaviors
hyperactive behavior- agitation, isolation, euphoria, or anxiety
hypokinetic behavior -apathy
Non-motor BG functions
cognitive deficits, neurobehavioral symptoms, sleep disorders, loss of ANS control (constipation, blood flow (hypotension) swallowing and speech volume, ED)
Fatigue
Loss of sense of smell
Depression
Average age of PD diagnosis
60
onset of huntington disease
30-40
symptoms of huntington disease
hallucinations, irritability, demential, restlessness/figeting, chorea (facial grimace, jeaking movments along with slow uncontrolled onse, unsteady gait)
flinging movment of UE’s
ballismus
T/F rigitiy is velocity related
F
freezing of gait
akinesia
difficulty with initiation of gait
akinesia
characerized by slow movements
bradykinesia
characterized by small amplitude of movment
hypokinesia
Micrographia
handwriting will start normal and become smaller and smaller
Sinement
L-dopa and carbidopa combined
during sit to stand pts with PD have difficulty
wiht flexion momentum
360 turn
pt may take up to 20 steps to turn
T/F you shouldnt see strength deficits early on
T
positive pull test
if pt takes 2 or more steps back
push and release test 0
recovers independently with 1 step of normal length and width
push and release test 1
2-3 steps backward, but recovers
push and release test 2
4 or more steps, but recovers
push and release test 3
steps but needs to be assisted to prevent fall
push and release test 4
falls without attempting a step or unable to stand without assistance.
Huntington’s disease causes uncontrolled movements called
chorea
most common type of dystonia
cervical dystonia
Rating scale for cervical dystonia
Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS)
Treatment for cervical dystonia typically includes
botox injections
sustained involuntary muscle contraction
dystonia
Primary impairments of PD
Rigidity, akinesia, bradykinesia, hypokinesia, postural instability, tremor
Secondary impairments of PD
kyphotic stooped posture, impaired aerobic capacity, contractures
Off phase
L-dopa levels are low and movement are hypokinetic
On phase
L-dopa generally at peak dose, movements are more normal
Should train activites that maintain general strength, ROM, fitness as task-specific training when patients are
on
People with PD can move more easily with
external cues
They use _____ strategies to compensate for BG insufficiency at appropriate stage
cognitive (frontal lobe)
Hypokinesia
Think BIG
“feet glued to the floor”
akinesia - start hesitation
