PD

Question 1

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 1

A chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the CNS. It is a disorder of cognition, movement, emotional expression and autonomic function

Question 2

What are the cardinal signs ?

Answer 2

Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Tremor
Postural instability

Question 3

Pathology of PD

Answer 3

A depletion of dopamine producing cells in the substantial Nagra of the brain. When there is a significant loss of dopamine (80%) the symptoms of Parkinson’s start to show. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for normal movement. Presence of Lewy bodies. The SMA is impaired but the PMA remains intact this means the use of cues can be used to overcome abnormalities by voluntary movement

Question 4

Drugs

Answer 4

Levodopa is a drug that the body converts to dopamine. Its often combined with another drug to stop is being broken down before it gets to the brain. However it tends to work less well over time. Can have quick on off changes.

Dopamine agonists as a substitute for dopamine

Question 5

Prognosis

Answer 5

A progressive condition so it will worsen over time however the speed of progression depends on each patient