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PT III - DEENT > PCOL of Sunscreens (Maize) > Flashcards

PCOL of Sunscreens (Maize) Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Ultraviolet Light (3)

A

UVB
UVA
UVC (antibacterial)

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2
Q

UVB:

  • ___ to ___ nm
  • Can cause _____, skin ________ and premature _____ of skin
  • Produces vitamin __ in the skin
A
  • 290 to 320
  • sunburn, carcinoma, and aging
  • D3
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3
Q

UVA:

  • ___ to ___ nm
  • Produces ______ and drug related ___________
  • Able to ________ further into the dermis than ___ radiation
  • No _____ because it is ___ to ____ times less energetic than UVB radiation
A
  • 320 to 400
  • tanning; photosensitivity
  • penetrate, UVB
  • erythema, 800 to 1000
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4
Q

Factors that affect tanning (7)

A
  • time
  • cloud
  • reflection (snow, water, sand)
  • location
  • clothing
  • the thickness of the epidermis and stratum corneum
  • the pigmentation of the skin
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5
Q

Skin Type:

  • Always burns easily, never tans
  • Eyes are blue or green and hair is blond or red.
A

Skin Type I

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6
Q

Skin Type:

  • Always burns easily, tans minimally
  • Eyes are blue, hazel or brown, and hair is blond, red or brown.
A

Skin Type II

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7
Q

Skin Type:

- Sometimes burns and tans gradually

A

Skin Type III

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8
Q

Skin Type:

- Burns minimally, always tans well

A

Skin Type IV

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9
Q

Skin Type:

- Rarely burns, tans profusely -Brown skin

A

Skin Type V

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10
Q

Skin Type:

- Never burns, deeply pigmented -Black skin

A

Skin Type VI

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11
Q

UVA Tanning Mechanisms (2)

A
  • Immediate pigmentation

- Delayed pigmentation

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12
Q

Immediate Pigmentation:

  • Oxidizes the ______ already in the epidermis
  • _____ darkening starts 5-10 minutes after exposure
  • Lasts __-__ hrs
A
  • melanin
  • Pigment
  • 24-48
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13
Q

Delayed Pigmentation:

  • UVA stimulates the increase in the number of __________ and increased _______ in these cells
  • Takes about __ to __ hours to develop after exposure
  • Peaks at _ to __ days and lasts weeks to months
A
  • melanocytes, pigment
  • 48 to 72
  • 7 to 10
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14
Q

UVB Tanning Mechanism:

  • Stimulate epithelial cell _____ making skin ______
  • Growth of the skin spreads _______ through more layers of the skin
  • Protects the skin by ________ and __________ additional UV radiation
  • ___ hyperpigmentation does not protect skin long term as much as ___ hyperpigmentation
A
  • growth; thicker (causing wrinkles)
  • Growth of the skin spreads melanin through more layers of the skin
  • absorbing and scattering
  • UVA; UVB
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15
Q

Sun Burn
- ___ penetrates into the dermis and causes an _______ reaction causing ________, ________, and __________ to be released.

A
  • UVB; inflammatory; histamine, cytokines, and prostaglandins
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16
Q

Sun Burn Symptoms are (3)

A

mild erythema, tenderness, and edema

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17
Q

Severe Sun Burn Symptoms

A
  • Second degree burn with blisters

- Fever, chills, weakness and shock (sun poisoning)

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18
Q
  • The minimum single dose of UV radiation dose that produces clearly marginated erythema in the irradiated site.
  • can be dependent on skin color, current medications, etc
A

Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED)

19
Q

MED Type and characteristics

  • MED 1:
  • MED 2:
  • MED 4:
  • MED 8:
A
  • 1 MED: pink
  • 2 MED: bright erythema
  • 4 MED: painful sunburn
  • 8 MED: blistering burn
20
Q

Definition of SPF:

A
  • Sun Protection Factor
  • MED of protected skin/MED of unprotected skin
  • Personal time to get 1 MED
21
Q

The higher the SPF:

  • ____ likely to burn
  • ______ time that can be spent in the sun
A
  • Less

- Longer

22
Q
  • SPF __ blocks approximately __% of all incoming UVB rays.
  • SPF __ blocks __%
  • SPF __ blocks __%
A
  • 15; 93%
  • 30; 97%
  • 50; 98%
23
Q

SPF figure

A

Burning begins the minute you step into the sun
SPF: delays the burning process
Ex: pt who turns pink in 10mins uses a SPF of 4; now, it will take 40 before he turns pink
SPF over 30 is a waste

24
Q

Proper SPF Selection:

  • Start ____ and go ___; adding higher SPF after _ ___ will not help much
  • Must apply correct amount at correct time
  • Must re-apply every __-___ minutes
A
  • high; low; 1 MED

- 90-120

25
Q

SPF Selection per Skin Type:

  • SPF>__ for Skin type I, II, increased risk of skin cancer
  • SPF>__ for Lupus
  • SPF>__ for photosensitizing drugs
  • SPF __ to __ for Skin type III to V
  • ____ ________ SPF needed for Skin type VI
A
  • > 30
  • > 40
  • > 45
  • 15 to 24
  • Very minimal
26
Q

Drugs that cause photosensitization (6):

A 
Tetracycline
Coal tar products
Diuretics
Estrogens and progestins
NSAIDS
Sulfonylureas
27
Q

Ability to stay on the skin and remain effective

A

Substantivity

28
Q

Substantivity can be related to 2 things:

A

vehicle

chemical

29
Q

Substantivity:

  • ______ have the worst substantivity
  • _____ based vehicles have better substanitivity than alcohol based vehicles
  • ____________ bases have good substantivity because they are not easily ________ ___
  • ____ have the best substantivity, but are an ________ dosage forms
A
  • Alcohols
  • Cream
  • Polyacrylamide; washed off
  • Oils; unpleasing
30
Q 
Substantivity Selection:
Choose a product that has the best substantivity.
- Very water-resistant products: \_\_ mins
- Water-resistant products: \_\_ mins
- Sweat-resistant: \_\_ mins
A
  • 80
  • 40
  • 30
31
Q

Sunblocks (aka _________ ________)
MOA:
- _______ or ________ 100% of all UV radiation from 290 to 760 nm

Uses:

  • Prominently ________ _____ like nose and ears
  • Used when cannot _____ or _____ sun exposure
A

physical sunscreens
MOA:
- Reflects or scatters

Uses:

  • exposed areas
  • limit or control
32
Q

Sunblocks and sunscreens are practically the same. (True/False)

A

False

33
Q

Sunblock products

A

Zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and red petrolatum

34
Q

Sunblock Side effects:

  • May occlude pores causing _____, ______, ____
  • May stain clothing

Not easily removed with ____, but melts in hot sun
Protection decreases after _ ____ of direct sun contact

A
  • miliaria, folliculitis, acne

water, but melts in hot sun
2 hours

35
Q

Sunscreens (aka _________ sunscreens)
MOA:
- _____ UVB radiation
- ___ classes of sunscreens can absorb some UVB radiation
- All sunscreens are a _________ of products
- But only ________, _________, and ____________ can absorb UVA

A 
chemica
MOA:
- Absorbs
- All
- combination
- benzophenones, anthranilates and dibenzoylmethane
36
Q

Chemical classes of Sunscreens (6)

A
  1. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
  2. Cinnamates
  3. Salicylates
  4. Benzophenones
  5. Anthranilates
  6. Dibenzoylmethane
37
Q

Sunscreen chemical class - UVB

  • The most effective at absorbing UVB rays
  • May stain clothing
A

PABA

38
Q

Sunscreen chemical class - UVB

- Do not adhere to skin well and depend on the vehicle for substantivity

A

Cinnamates

39
Q

Sunscreen chemical class - UVB

  • Does not adhere to the skin well
  • Easy removed by water or perspiration
A

Salicylates

40
Q

Sunscreen chemical class - UVA

  • Poor substantivity
  • Can cause sensitization
A

Benzophenones

41
Q

Sunscreen chemical class - UVA

  • Absorbs UVA radiation up to 370 nm
  • Used only in combination products to give broad UV coverage
A

Anthranilates

42
Q

Sunscreen chemical class - UVA

  • Absorb mostly in the UVA range
  • Activity decreases after 15 minutes of use
A

Dibenzoylmethane

43
Q

Sunscreens ______ UVB radiation, sunblocks ______/________ UV radiation.

A

absorb, reflect/scatter

PT III - DEENT (12 decks)

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