Nuclear Receptors (Maize)

Question 1

3 types of receptors:

Answer 1

membrane
ion channel
nuclear/cytoplasmic

Question 2

Nuclear receptor general mechanism of action:

modulate ____ synthesis either ____ or ____ by ____ or ____ DNA ____ for proteins

Answer 2

protein; directly; indirectly; inhibiting; promoting; transcription

Question 3

All nuclear receptors contain 3 parts:

Answer 3

C-terminal, zinc fingers, N-terminal

Question 4

C-terminal function?

Answer 4

drug (steroid) binding

Question 5

Zinc fingers function?

Answer 5

bind to DNA (sticky fingers)

Question 6

Zinc fingers have ____ ____ ____. When a steroid binds to the __-terminal, they fall off and ____ the zinc fingers (making them ____). The receptor then enters the ____ to alter activity.

Answer 6

heat shock proteins; C; activate; sticky; nucleus

Question 7

N-terminal function?

Answer 7

alter DNA function

Question 8

Direct action:

Drug receptor complex binds to DNA (___) to inhibit or promote ____.

Answer 8

RE; transcription

Question 9

Direct action:

Requires ____ drug-receptor complex(es) that bind to a ____ ____.

Answer 9

2; response element

Question 10

Indirect action:

Drug-receptor complex binds to a ____ ____, preventing it from binding to DNA. This ____ the transcription of proteins.

Answer 10

transcription factor; inhibits

Question 11

Indirect action:

Requires ____ drug-receptor complex(es) to bind to ____ ____.

Answer 11

1; transcription factors

Question 12

True/False. Direct and indirect mechanisms occur simultaneously.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What are the cytoplasmic receptors? (3)

Answer 13

glucocorticoid (GR1, GR2)
retinoid (RAR, RXR)
vitamin D (VDR)

Question 14

GR1 binds to ____ in the kidneys, colon, salivary glands and hippocampus.

Answer 14

mineralocorticoids

Question 15

GR2 binds to ____ in all cells and is important in ______.

Answer 15

glucocorticoids; anti-inflammation

Question 16

Retinoic acid receptors (RAR) have subtypes:

Answer 16

alpha, beta, and gamma

Question 17

Steroids form…

Answer 17

homo-dimers

GR1 & GR2

Question 18

Retinoids form…

Answer 18

homo- and hetero-dimers (RXR, RAR)

Question 19

VDRs form…

and only bind with ____ receptors

Answer 19

hetero-dimers

retinoid

Question 20

What are the nuclear receptors? (2)

Answer 20

response elements
transcription factors

(the mechanism of action of these receptors all happen at the same time!)

Question 21

What are the response elements (RE)? (3)

Answer 21

GRE - glucocorticoid
RARE - retinoic acid
TRE - transcription

Question 22

What are the transcription factors? (2)

Answer 22

NF-kb - nuclear factor kappa B

AP1 - activator protein 1

Question 23

RE+…

Answer 23

make anti-inflammatory proteins

GRE or RARE

Question 24

RE-…

Answer 24

stop the production of inflammatory proteins

GRE or RARE

Question 25

TRE…

Answer 25

cause an increase in inflammatory proteins

cytokines stimulate transcription factors AP1 and NF-kb

Question 26

How does TRE play a role in the anti-inflammation process?
Typically ____ stimulate transcription factors. When you give a ____, the drug receptor complex binds to ____ ____, preventing them from reaching the ____ and therefore keeping the cell from making ____ proteins.

Answer 26

cytokines; steroid; transcription factors; nucleus; inflammatory