PCC - Vital Signs

Question 1

BMI

Answer 1

Body Mass Index

Question 2

BP

Answer 2

Blood Pressure

Question 3

BPM

Answer 3

Beats Per Minute

Question 4

CV

Answer 4

Cardiovascular

Question 5

DBP

Answer 5

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Question 6

HTN

Answer 6

Hypertension

Question 7

mmHg

Answer 7

Millimeters of mercury

Question 8

RPM

Answer 8

Respirations per minute

Question 9

SBP

Answer 9

Systolic Blood Pressure

Question 10

General Assessment

Answer 10

• The “first impression”
• Assesses the patient as a whole
• Gives an initial impression of the patient’s health
• Physical parameters evaluate several bodysystems

Question 11

FAST

Answer 11

• F: Face drooping
• A: Arm Weakness
• S: Speech
• T: Time to Call 9-1-1

Question 12

Body Mass Index

Answer 12

• BMI= weight (kg)/height (m2)

- BMI= [weight (lb)/height (in2)] x 703

Question 13

Medications Affecting Weight: Weight Gain

Answer 13

Steroids
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Diabetes Medications

Question 14

Medications Affecting Weight: Weight Loss

Answer 14

ADHD medications
Antidepressants
Diabetes Medications

Question 15

Edema

Answer 15

• fluid leaking into the tissue
• chronic edema (heart function, kidney function, liver function, medications)
• acute edema (inflammation, injury, diet, blood clot/obstruction, pregnancy, medications)

Question 16

SCHOLAR

Answer 16

symptoms, characteristics, history, onset, location, aggravating factors, remitting factors

Question 17

When to Refer a Fever

Answer 17

Adults and Children (above 24 months old)
≥ 104°F
≥ 100.4°F plus nonresponsive to medication and lasts longer than 3 days
≥ 100.4°F and symptomatic

Question 18

Adult Pulse

Answer 18

60-100

Question 19

Systolic Blood Pressure

Answer 19

maximum pressure on the arteries during contraction of the left ventricle (regulated by stroke volume)

Question 20

Diastolic Blood Presssure

Answer 20

resting pressure between ventricle contractions

Question 21

Pulse Pressure

Answer 21

SBP- DBP

Question 22

Mid-BP

Answer 22

average of SBP and DBP

Question 23

Mean Arterial Pressure

Answer 23

1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP

Question 24

Auscultatory Technique

Answer 24

Traditional Method
Brachial artery occluded to stop blood flow
Stethoscope to detect appearance and disappearance of Korotkoff sounds
Error prone

Question 25

Oscillometric Technique

Answer 25

“Automatic cuff” Read based on amplitude of oscillations recorded in the lateral walls of the upper arm Software in a device

Question 26

Five Phases of Korotkoff Sounds

Answer 26

``` Phase I: faint and clear tapping (systolic) Phase II: Swooshing sound Phase III: More intense, crisp tapping Phase IV: Muffled sound Phase V: Sound stops (diastolic) ```

Question 27

``` BP Category: -Normal -Elevated Hypertension -Stage 1 -Stage 2 ```

Answer 27

* <120 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg * 120-129 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg * 130-139 mm Hg and 80-89 mm Hg * >= 140 mm Hg and >=90 mm Hg

Question 28

24 hour ambulatory blood pressure

Answer 28

BP recorded automatically over period of 24 hours May have stronger association with hypertension-related organ damage than office BP More comprehensive than office BP measurements Can identify BP patterns (sustained, white-coat, masked, nocturnal, nondipping, reverse-dipping) Can help select management techniques Limited by availability and cost Take a reading every 15 or 30 minutes over 24 hours Need to include nocturnal readings

Question 29

White Coat Hypertension

Answer 29

Higher blood pressure measurement in an office setting

Question 30

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 30

Associated with risk for fracture, syncope, and mortality

Question 31

Hypertensive Crisis

Answer 31

SBP > 180 mm HG and/ or DBP > 120 mm Hg

Question 32

Hypertensive Emergency

Answer 32

SBP > 180 mm HG and/ or DBP > 120 mm Hg AND target organ damage

Question 33

Complications from Disease Progression

Answer 33

Increased cardiovascular risk In 2010, high BP was the leading cause of death and disability-adjusted life years worldwide In the United States, hypertension accounted for more CVD deaths than any other modifiable CVD risk factor Second only to cigarette smoking as a preventable cause of death for any reason

Question 34

Medications that elevate blood pressure

Answer 34

``` Alcohol Caffeine Decongestants – pseudoephedrine NSAIDS Herbal Supplements Oral Contraceptives ```

Question 35

Lifestyle Changes to Impact Blood Pressure

Answer 35

- Weight loss: IBW as goal: 1 mm Hg for every 1 kg reduction in body weight - DASH dietary plan: Diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains: -11 mm Hg - Reduced dietary sodium: <1,500mg per day: -6 mm Hg - Increased dietary potassium: 3500-5000 mg/day: -5 mm Hg - Physical Activity: 150 minutes per week: -8 mm Hg - Moderation in alcohol: <1 drink per day for women, <2 drinks per day for men: -4 mmHg