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828 Dosage Forms > Pain Assessment > Flashcards

Pain Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Pain

A
  • Due to a recent/acute isolated injury
  • Beginning and end of pain (< 3 months)
  • Signs/symptoms of acute pain evident
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2
Q

Chronic Pain

A
  • Multiple causes (diseases, injuries, etc.)
  • Pain lasting > 3 months
  • Acute pain signs/symptoms may or may not be present
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3
Q

Musculoskeletal components

A 
Bones
Muscle
Joint: union of > 2 bones
Cartilage: flexible connective tissue
Ligament: short band of connective tissue that connects bones or cartilage together
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4
Q

Fracture

A

Break in a bone

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5
Q

Dislocation

A

displacement of a joint bone

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6
Q

Sprain

A

trauma to joint with ligament damage

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7
Q

Strain

A

overstretching of muscle

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8
Q

Somatic pain (superficial)

A
  • throbbing, burning, or prickling caused by pain stimulation in skin or subcutaneous tissue
  • **Burns, cuts, etc. caused by a physical injury
  • **Based on severity, can be managed via self-care
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9
Q

Somatic (deep)

A

-dull, aching pain which is usually localized due to injury to skeletal muscles, tendons, or ligaments
**Post-operative pain, soreness after physical
**Some self-care while others should be referred
exertion

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10
Q

Visceral Pain

A
  • Deep, dull, aching, squeezing, or pressure-like pain that is hard to localize due to injury to an organ
  • **Cardiac chest pain, kidney stones, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
  • **Many acute causes of visceral pain require medical management
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11
Q

Malignant Pain

A

Pain at primary cancer site and/or metastases

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12
Q

Non-malignant Pain

A
  • Neuropathic: burning, tingling, numbing pain which due to nerve injury or unknown reasons
  • Musculoskeletal: aching pain due to injury, chronic diseases, medications/medical treatments, or unknown reasons
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13
Q

Subjective Information

A

Pain interview

Pain assessment instruments

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14
Q

Objective

A 
Patient behavior
Physiological changes (more with acute pain)
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15
Q

Mneumonic for Assessing Pain (PQRST)

A

-Palliative or Precipitating factors
What makes the pain better or worse?

-Quality of pain
How would you describe the pain? Dull, aching, throbbing, stabbing, or burning?

-Region of pain location
Where is it occuring? Where is it worst? Radiating?

-Subjective description of pain Severity
How would you rate the pain (via instruments)?

-Time-related nature of pain
When was the onset? Duration? Pattern?

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16
Q

FLACC

A
  • face, legs, activity, cry, consolability scale

* **For individuals unable to communicate pain

17
Q

Factors to consider when assessing pain

A 
Age
Cognitive/mental status
Communication
Cultural &amp; religious beliefs
Medications
Past medical history
Socioeconomic status
18
Q

Multidimensional pain instruments

A

Pain diary

Pain drawing

Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire

McGill Pain Questionnaire

19
Q

Laboratory/Testing Information

A
  • DEXA scan for bone mineral density (BMD)
  • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
  • Rheumatoid factor
  • Synovial fluid
  • Uric acid
20
Q

When to do self care

A
  • Known cause of pain (acute or chronic)
  • No severe impact on musculoskeletal function
  • Not managed with appropriate OTC therapies
21
Q

Referral to another healthcare provider

A
  • Obvious anatomical abnormality
  • Failure of optimal OTC therapies
  • Suspicion for new/undiagnosed chronic musculoskeletal disease or cancer causing pain
22
Q

Treatment options

A
  • Rest
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation
23
Q

OTC medications

A
  • Acetaminophen
  • Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • **Aspirin
  • **Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
  • **Naproxen (Aleve)
24
Q

Prescription medications

A
  • Prescription strength NSAIDs
  • Tramadol
  • Opioids
  • Neuropathic treatment: gabapentin, pregabalin
25
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Localized, degenerative joint disease caused by deterioration of articular cartilage

Most common joint-related disease

26
Q

OA Clinical Presentation

A 
Asymmetrical joint involvement
Joint pain 
Tenderness
Short-lived AM stiffness (< 15 minutes)
Bony spurs
27
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A
  • Autoimmune disorder marked by systemic and symmetrical inflammation of synovial joints
  • **Results in disability of affected joints
28
Q

RA Clinical Presentation

A

Laboratory findings
Rheumatoid factor

Signs/symptoms
Prolonged AM stiffness (> 1 hr)
Swan-neck hand deformities
Systemic signs
Fever, rash, fatigue
29
Q

Gout

A
  • Disorder of uric acid metabolism results in increased uric acid levels
  • **Results in crystal formation and inflammation
  • Clinical presentation
  • **Rapid onset of pain, tenderness, and swelling
  • **Most commonly localized to big toe
30
Q

Osteoporosis

A

-Decrease in bone mineral density resulting in bone fragility

  • Clinical presentation
  • **Kyphosis (hunching)
  • **Back pain
  • **Increased risk of fractures
  • Screen high risk patients
  • **DEXA for bone mineral density
31
Q

Fibromyalgia

A
  • Chronic disease characterized by generalized musculoskeletal pain and fatigue
  • **Diagnosis of exclusion
  • Clinical manifestations
  • **Aching
  • **Fatigue
  • **Insomnia due to pain

828 Dosage Forms (8 decks)

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