Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

828 Dosage Forms > PCC - Integumentary: Skin, Hair and Nails > Flashcards

PCC - Integumentary: Skin, Hair and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

SE

A

Side Effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CFU

A

Colony forming units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LAD

A

lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ICD

A

irritant contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACD

A

allergic contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BSA

A

body surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Overview of Integumentary System: Purpose

A
  • protection against injury
  • barrier to sunlight, microorganisms
  • maintains temperature
  • regulates fluid loss
  • synthesis of ______
  • senses external environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Integumentary Layers to know:

A
  • epidermis
  • basement membrane
  • dermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contains other structures

A
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous glands
  • hair follicles
  • nails
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Integumentary Disease Types

A
  • infectious
  • pustular
  • allergic or irritant
  • cancer
  • external damage
  • age related
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Integumentary Diseases: Infectious

A
  • superficial fungal infections
  • bacterial infections
  • viral infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

superficial fungal infections

A
  • tinea

- candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bacterial infections

A
  • staphylococcus aureus

- streptococcus sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tinea

A
  • tinea capitis
  • tinea corporus (ring worm)
  • tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot)
  • tinea unguium (onychomycisis)
  • tinea curis (jock itch)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

candida albicans

A

candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fungal Infection Risk Factors

A
  • immunocompromised patients
  • trauma to skin
  • diabetes mellitus
  • impaired circulation
  • poor nutrition or hygiene
  • occlusive wear
  • humid climates
17
Q

Tinea Fungal Infections

A

Fungi are free-living plant-like organisms

May be part of normal flora

Infections are primarily of the dermatophytoses group

  • Trichophyton (most common)
  • Microsporum
  • Epidermophyton

Usually cause superficial infections
-Restricted to epidermis, hair, and nails

Typically treated with topical agents
-Severity, type, and location may require systemic agents

18
Q

Tinea capitis

A
  • pathophysiology (fungal infection of scalp)
  • epidemiology (mostly affects children)
  • presentation (itching, alopecia, scaling, mild erythema, possible hair loss)
  • complications (if untreated, may progress to kerion)
  • diagnosis (should be done before treatment initiation)
  • goals of treatment (eradicate fungal infection, restore normal hair growth and appearance)
19
Q

Tinea Unguium

A
  • fungal infection of the finger or toe nail
  • primarily adults
  • superficial white appearance + cracked brittle thickened nails
  • bacterial infections under the nail bed = complications
  • goals of therapy: eradicate infection
  • treatment = avoid trauma to nails (requires systemic treatment (referral)
20
Q

Tinea Corporus, Cruris, and Pedis (Can be treated by us!)

A
  • fungal infection of the body, groin, or foot
  • tinea pedis is the most common
  • corporus: red, round lesion; crurus: itching, red lesion in groin
  • complications: if untreated, may spread
  • goals of therapy: eradicate fungal infection
  • non-pharmacologic: avoid occlusive footwear; dry between toes after bathing
21
Q

Tinea infections: Treat or Refer

A
  • treat if: localized to one area; first treatment
  • refer if: exudate or pus; unguium or capitis infection, failed initial self-treatment; face, mucosa, or genitalia involved;diabetes; immunocompromised; signs of systemic infection
22
Q

Candida Infections

A
  • superficial candida albicans infection of body folds
  • decreased immune function
  • red rash with well-defined borders; white plaques; cheesy discharge
  • if untreated may be transferred
  • eradication or infection
  • vaginal: topicical antifungal; requires referral; may be systemic or topical
  • treat if vaginal
  • refer if suspicion of non-vaginal candida infection; complicated vaginal candidiasis
23
Q

Bacterial Infections Overview

A

Bacteria are part of normal skin flora

Infection may occur by pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic infection with normal flora

Common bacterial strains:

  • Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant)
  • Streptococcus species
24
Q

Impetigo

A
  • pathophysiology: superficial bacterial infection; staphylococcus or streptococcus
  • epidemiology: infants and children
  • presentation” vesicles or pustules that burst; honey colored crust
  • diagnosis: clinical evaluation
  • goals of therapy: eradicate infection
  • treatment: typically self-resolving in 3-4 weeks; treatment requires referral
25
Q

Cellulitis

A
  • pathophysiology: deeper bacterial infection affecting the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
  • presentation: expanding red. swollen tender rash without clearly defined border
  • complications: septicemia, nephritis, death
  • diagnosis: clinical evaluation
  • goals of therapy: eradicate infection; return skin to normal function
  • treatment: requires systemic treatment (referral)
  • treat if self-treatment options are not available
  • refer if suspicion of bacterial infection
26
Q

Integumentary Diseases: Pustular

A
  • acne vulgaris

- acne conglobate rosacea

27
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A
  • pathophysiology: lesions involving the hair follicle and sebaceous gland
  • etiology: genetic factors; production of androgens; increase in ____; presence of propionibacterium acnes
  • epidemiology: starts in puberty; may last to 20s or 40s; women more than men
  • presentation: inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions; on face and neck
  • complications: scarring’ emotional stress
  • diagnosis: clinical diagnosis; microbiologic testing does not affect treatment or outcome
  • goals of therapy: treatment of current lesion; prevention of new lesions
  • non-pharmacologic: avoid skin irritants; use facial cleanser
  • pharmacologic treatment: treatment options depend on level of severity
  • treat if mild acne; initial treatment
  • refer if failed 6 weeks of self-treatment; moderate to severe acne; presence of exacerbating factors; suspicion of rosacea
28
Q

Acne-self treatment Options

A

Topical Treatment Options:

  • Benzoyl peroxide: 2.5% - 10%
  • Salicyclic acid: 0.5% - 2%
  • Sulfur: 3% - 10%
29
Q

Allergic or Irritant

A
  • allergic contact dermatitis

- irritant contact dermatitis

30
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis

A
  • pathophysiology: allergic type IV reaction at site of contact; requires an initial “induction” exposure
  • etiology: dependent upon allergy; poison ivy, latex, nickel
  • presentation: rash limited to area exposed to allergen
  • complications: risk for infection if open sores; irritation
  • goals of therapy: avoid exposure to allergen; alleviate itching, pain, other symptoms
  • treatment: REMOVE OFFENDING AGENT; hydrocortisone cream, aluminum acetate compress
31
Q

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

A
  • pathophysiology: inflammation due to irritant exposure
  • epidemiology: occupational related; construction, forestry, agriculture are at rish; may be due to cleaning solutions, animal products, pollen, etc
  • presentation: dry, cracked, inflamed skin with possible itching or pain; limited to area of exposure
  • goals of therapy: alleviate irritation and pain; avoidance of future irritant
  • non-pharmacologic therapy: wash with water and mild soap; educate patient on avoidance of future exposure
  • pharmacologic therapy: emollients, colloidal oatmeal bath
  • treat if irritant contact dermatitis; limited area of inflammation
  • refer is less than two years of age; symptoms greater than 2 weeks; involves greater than 20% BSA; swelling; involvement of mucosa or genitalia; persists longer than 7 days with self-traetment; impairs ADL
32
Q

Sunburn (External Damage)

A
  • pathophysiology: inflammation due to excessive exposure of UVB
  • epidemiology: 35% of adults may experience sunburn in a year
  • presentation: red, warm, inflamed skin, may be painful
  • complications: prolonged exposure can increase risk of skin cancer
  • treatment: cold water rinse, avoid exposure; aloe vera moisturizer
33
Q

Cancer: Basal Cell

A
  • Slow-growing
  • Primarily on nose
  • Requires referral
  • Treated with excision, radiation, or topical therapies
34
Q

Cancer: Squamous Cell

A
  • Medium-growth
  • Sun exposure increases risk
  • Requires referral
  • Highly curable, treated with excision
35
Q

Cancer: Melanoma

A
  • Malignant growth
  • Sun exposure increases risk
  • Treatment ranges from excision to chemotherapy
36
Q

ABCDE of Skin Cancer

A
  • asymmetry
  • border that is irregular
  • color that is uneven
  • diameter
  • evolving

828 Dosage Forms (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions