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PCAT > PCAT Study 1 > Flashcards

PCAT Study 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mutualism

A

A symbiosis where both organisms benefit

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2
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits and the other is not harmed or aided

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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Structure of the brain that maintains homeostasis

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4
Q

Cerebellum

A

Located in the hindbrain, that plays a role movement and balance

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5
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Processes sensory input, motor output, and most thought processes

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6
Q

Thalamus

A

The relay and integration center between the brain and periphery.

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7
Q

Hormones that the anterior pituitary gland synthesizes

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, and growth hormone.

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8
Q

Secretion of estrogen and progesterone is stimulated by which two hormones?

A

FSH and LH

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9
Q

Glucocorticoid hormones

A

Any steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal gland. Example: Cortisol

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10
Q

Insulin is released from which organ

A

Pancreas

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11
Q

Insulin is released in response to _____

A

High glucose levels in the blood

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12
Q

Sex linked traits are almost always on which chromosome?

A

X chromosome

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13
Q

The terminal ileum is part of which organ?

A

The small intestine

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14
Q

Cecum

A

The blind outpouching of the large intestine

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15
Q

What is the primary role of the transverse colon?

A

Absorption of water and ions

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16
Q

Light microscopy will show what characteristic of bacteria

A

General shape

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17
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

Thin cell wall, and contains periplasmic space between lipopolysaccharide membrane

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18
Q

Thyroxine

A

A thyroid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and plays a big role in metabolism.

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19
Q

Hypothyroidism can result in

A

Weight gain, fatigue, intolerance to cold, and swelling of the thyroid gland

20
Q

Deficiency in aldosterone will affect

A

water and salt balance

21
Q

Deficiency of estrogen will affect

A

menstrual cycle

22
Q

Deficiency of cortisol will affect

A

Glucose metabolism and immune response

23
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Located between the right atrium and ventricle prevents backflow

24
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Also known as the mitral valve and is located between the left and right ventricle. Prevents backflow

25
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Regulates blood calcium

26
Q

During the menstrual cycle, ovulation is triggered by a surge in which hormone?

A

LH

27
Q

LH is secreted by which gland?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

28
Q

Secretion of LH will cause an ______ in progesterone production

A

Increase

29
Q

Secretion of LH will cause a _______ in gonadotropin releasing hormone releasing hormone

A

decrease

30
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone is released by the

A

Hypothalamus

31
Q

Maturation of the ovarian follicle is before or after the release of LH?

A

Before

32
Q

Peroxisomes role in the cell

A

Lipid and carb metabolism and disposal of hydrogen peroxide

33
Q

Alveoli

A

The site of gas exchange

34
Q

Larynx

A

Voicebox

35
Q

The 5 types of immunoglobulin are secreted from which type of cell?

A

Differentiated B lymphocytes

36
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

Destroy antigens directly

37
Q

Memory T cells

A

Enable the body to elicit a quicker response to future infections

38
Q

Helper T cells

A

Stimulate other B and T cells

39
Q

Axial skeleton contains

A

The skull, vertebral column and rib cage

40
Q

If not in the axial skeleton a bone is part of the

A

Appendicular

41
Q

Replication

A

Makes new DNA using the original DNA as the template

42
Q

Transcription

A

The production of RNA from a DNA template

43
Q

Post-transcriptional modification

A

Modifications made to an mRNA transcript after transcription has occurred. This includes removing introns and adding a poly(A) tail or a 5’ cap.

44
Q

Cofactor

A

A molecule that an enzyme needs to help its enzymatic activity

45
Q

All of the oxygen the oxygen from a catabolized glucose molecule will end up as

A

exhaled carbon dioxide, via the citric acid cycle

46
Q

Beta cells in the pancreas secrete

A

insulin

47
Q

How does insulin affect blood sugar levels

A

It lowers blood sugar levels

PCAT (12 decks)

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