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PCAT > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria

A

Bacteria are prokaryotes, meaning that their ribosomes and genetic materials are free-floating in the cytoplasm

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2
Q

The 3 major shapes of bacteria

A

Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum

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3
Q

Coccus

A

Spherical bacteria that can join together to make diplococci, streptococci, staphylococci.

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4
Q

Diplococci

A

Two bacteria joined together

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5
Q

Streptococci

A

Chains of spherical bacteria

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6
Q

Staphylococci

A

Clusters of spherical bacteria

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7
Q

Bacillus

A

Rod-shaped bacteria

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8
Q

Diplobacilli

A

Two rod-shaped bacteria joined together

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9
Q

Streptobacilli

A

Chains of rod-shaped bacteria

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10
Q

Spirillum

A

Spiral-shaped bacteria

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11
Q

Gram Stain

A
  1. Application of crystal violet and iodine which create a complex that adheres to the outermost layer of bacteria
  2. Application of a decolorizer (alcohol), which either removes the stain, or traps it inside the membrane.
  3. Restain (safranin), which colors gram negative
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12
Q

Gram Positive

A

The outermost layer is a thick peptidoglycan cell wall. Gram positive bacteria retain the stain in the cell wall during the gram stain because the cell wall is dehydrated.

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13
Q

Gram Negative

A

The outermost layer is thin and composed of lipids. The entire outer membrane is removed in the Gram Stain, removing the color with it. The restain stains the gram negative bacteria

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14
Q

Viruses

A

Cannot reproduce without a host, and are not considered to be living

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15
Q

True or false: A virus’ genetic material can be either DNA or RNA

A

True

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16
Q

Capsid

A

A protein structure of a virus that contains the genetic material

17
Q

Lytic Cycle

A

A virus injects its own DNA into a host cell, taking control of the cell’s genetic machinery, and inducing the cell to replicate the viral DNA instead of its own DNA. Eventually the cell will lyse and release viral DNA into the extracellular matrix, which then continue the cycle by infecting a new cell.

18
Q

Virulent

A

Viruses that replicate by the lytic cycle, killing their host cells

19
Q

Provirus

A

A stage of a virus that is less harmful. The bacteriophage becomes integrated into the bacterial genome as a provirus, and lies dormant in the lysogenic cycle

PCAT (12 decks)

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