PBL - anatomy + histology of upper GI tract

Question 1

3 types of salivary glands

Answer 1

1. parotid
2. submandibular
3. sublingual

Question 2

term given to food when it has been broken down by enzymes in the mouth

Answer 2

bolus

Question 3

3 sections of the pharynx

Answer 3

naso-
oro -
laryngo-

Question 4

where does the epiglottis lie?

Answer 4

between oro- and laryngopharynx

Question 5

when eating, is the epiglottis open or closed?

Answer 5

closed

Question 6

at what thoracic level does the thoracic oesophagus become the abdominal oesophagus?

Answer 6

T10 - at the abdo hiatus

Question 7

branches of which 3 arteries supply the oesophagus?

Answer 7

1. inferior thyroid
2. oesophageal branches of left gastric
3. thoracic aorta

Question 8

which 2 veins of the oesophagus’ vasculature anastomose?

Answer 8

oesophageal tributaries of the left gastric vein and

oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein.

Question 9

where is the upper oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 9

between pharynx + oesophagus

Question 10

where is the lower oesophageal sphincter? what name is given to this? what thoracic level?

Answer 10

between stomach and distal oesophagus

gastro-oesophageal junction

T11

Question 11

when does the Lower oesophageal sphincter open?

Answer 11

during peristalsis - sphincter relaxes -food enters

Question 12

what is the role of the sphincters?

Answer 12

prevent acid reflux

Question 13

type of mucosal epithelia in the oesophagus?

Answer 13

stratified squamous

Question 14

4 sections of the stomach

Answer 14

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 15

2 sphincters of the stomach

Answer 15

gastro-oesophageal

pyloric sphincter

Question 16

3 ways the stomach withstands acidic enviroment?

Answer 16

1. protective mucus layer
2. cells secrete a buffer
3. produce less acid on an empty stomach

Question 17

type of mucosal epithelia in the stomach?

Answer 17

simple columnar

Question 18

which part of the GI tract has crypts of Lierberkuhn?

Answer 18

duodenum

Question 19

which part of the GI tract has brunner;s glands?

Answer 19

duodenum

Question 20

function of brunner’s glands?

Answer 20

secrete mucus-rich alkaline secretion to protect the stomach from acidic damage