Patricia Benner

Question 1

This nursing theory proposes that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a proper educational background as well as a multitude of experiences.

Answer 1

From Novice to Expert

Question 2

Dr. Benner’s theory is not focused on how to be a nurse, rather on how _________________________

Answer 2

nurses acquire nursing knowledge — one could gain knowledge and skills (knowing how”), without ever learning the theory (“knowing that”).

Question 3

She used the _______________________________ as a foundation for her work.

Answer 3

Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition

Question 4

is a model based on observations of chess players

Answer 4

Dreyfus model

Question 5

The Dreyfus model, described by brothers ____________________________________, is a model based on observations of chess players, Air Force pilots, army commanders and tank drivers.

Answer 5

Stuart and Huber Dreyfus

Question 6

believed learning was experiential (learning through experience) as well as situation-based, and that a student
had to pass through five very distinct stages in learning, from novice to expert

Answer 6

Dreyfus brothers

Question 7

She found when nurses engaged in various situations, and learned from them, they developed _________________________ with patients and family.

Answer 7

“skills of involvement”

Question 8

Benner proposed that a nurse could gain knowledge and skills without actually learning a theory. She describes this as

Answer 8

a nurse “knowing how” without ““knowing that.”

Question 9

The theory identifies five levels of nursing experience:

Answer 9

novice, advanced beginner. competent, proficient, and expert

Question 10

is a beginner with no experience
they are told what to do and simply follow instructions.

Answer 10

novice

Question 11

are taught general rule to help perform task, and their rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible.

Answer 11

novice

Question 12

they are told what to do and simply follow instructions

Answer 12

novice

Question 13

shows acceptable performance, and has gained prior
experience in actual nursing situations.

Answer 13

advanced beginner

Question 14

This helps the nurse recognize recurring meaningful components so that principles, based on those experiences, begin to formulate in order to guide actions.

Answer 14

advanced beginner

Question 15

generally has two or three years’ experience on the job in the same field. For example, two or three years in intensive care. The experience may also be similar day-to-day situations.

Answer 15

competent nurse/competent

Question 16

perceives and understands situations as whole parts. He or she has a more holistic understanding of nursing, which improves decision-making.

Answer 16

proficient nurse/proficient

Question 17

These nurses learn from experiences what to expect in certain situations, as well as how to modify plans as needed.

Answer 17

proficient nurse/proficient

Question 18

no longer rely on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and dtermine actions

Answer 18

expert nurses/expert

Question 19

they have a deeper background of experience and an intuitive grasp of clinical situations

Answer 19

expert nurses/expert

Question 20

Their performances are fluid, flexible, and highly proficient.

Answer 20

expert nurses/expert

Question 21

changed the understanding of what it means to be an expert in the nursing filed. This moves the label from a nurse with the highest pay or the most prestigious title to the nurse who provided the best care to his or her patients.

Answer 21

Benner’s Theory of From Novice to Expert

Question 22

Benner acknowledges that her thinking in nursing was influenced greatly by

Answer 22

Virginia Henderson

Question 23

Benner studies clinical nursing practince in an attempt to

Answer 23

discover and describe the knowledge embedded in nursing practice

Question 24

describing, illustrating, and giving language to taken-for-granted areas of practical wisdom, skilled know-how, and notions of good practice

Answer 24

articulation research

Question 25

Patricia Benner argues that

Answer 25

knowledge accrues over time in a practice discipline and is developed through experiential learning, situated thinking, and reflection on practice in particular practice situations

Question 26

One of the first philosophical distinctions that Benner made was the

Answer 26

difference between practical and theoretical knowledge

Question 27

"knowing how" means

Answer 27

a practical knowledge that may elude precise abstract formulations

Question 28

"knowing that" means

Answer 28

which lends itself to theoretical explanations

Question 29

is the disruption of meanings

Answer 29

stress

Question 30

is what the person does about the disruption

Answer 30

coping

Question 31

Generall, this level applies to the students of nursing

Answer 31

Novice

Question 32

the person can generally demonstrate an acceptable performance

Answer 32

advanced beginner

Question 33

has enough experience to grasp aspects of the situation

Answer 33

advanced beginner

Question 34

nurses functioning at this level are guided by rules and oriented by task completion

Answer 34

advanced beginner

Question 35

most newly graduated nurses are at this level

Answer 35

advanced beginner

Question 36

conscious and deliberate planning that determines which aspects of current and future situations are important and which can be ignored

Answer 36

competent

Question 37

are important in competent performance

Answer 37

consistency, predictability and time management

Question 38

is most pivotal in clinical nursing

Answer 38

competent stage

Question 39

the performer percieves the situation as a whole (the total picture) rather than in terms of aspects and the performance is guided by maxims

Answer 39

proficient

Question 40

has a intuitive grasp of the situation based on background undestanding

Answer 40

proficient

Question 41

nurses at this level demonstrate a new ability to see changing relevance in a situation

Answer 41

proficient

Question 42

there is much more involvement with the patient and family

Answer 42

proficient stage

Question 43

is a transition into expertise

Answer 43

proficient stage

Question 44

when the expert performer no longer relies on analytical principle (rule, guideline, maxim) to connect an understanding of the situation to an appropriate action

Answer 44

expert

Question 45

having ang intuitive grasp of the situation and as being able to identify the region of the problem without losing time considering a range of alternative diagnoses, and solutions

Answer 45

expert

Question 46

key aspects of expert practice include the following

Answer 46

- demonstrating a clinical grasp and resource-based practice - possessing embodies know-how - seeing the big picture - seeing the unexpected

Question 47

has the ability to rcognize patterns on the basis of deep experiential background

Answer 47

expert

Question 48

the recurring meaningful situational components recognized and understood in context because the nurse has previous experiences

Answer 48

aspects

Question 49

are measurable properties of a situation that can be explained without previous experience in the situation

Answer 49

attributes

Question 50

an interpretively defined area of skilled performance indentified and described by its intent, functions and meanings

Answer 50

competency

Question 51

an area of practice having a number of competencies with similar intents, functions and meanings

Answer 51

domain

Question 52

an example of a clinical situation that conveys one or more intents, meanings, functions, or outcomes easily translated to other clinical situations

Answer 52

exemplar

Question 53

an active process of refining and changing preconcieved theories, notions, and ideas when confronted with actual situations

Answer 53

experience

Question 54

it implies there is dialogue between what is found in practice and what is expected

Answer 54

experience

Question 55

a cryptic description of skilled performance taht requires a certain level of experience to recognize the implications of the instructions

Answer 55

maxim

Question 56

is a clinical experience that stands out and alters the way the nurse will percieve and understand future clinical situations

Answer 56

paradigm case

Question 57

creates new clinical understanding and open new clinical perspectives and alternatives

Answer 57

paradigm case

Question 58

describes a perceptual stance or embodied knowledge whereby aspects of a situation stand out as more or less important

Answer 58

salience

Question 59

is good conduct born out of an individualized relationship with the patient

Answer 59

ethical comportment

Question 60

it envolves engagement in particular situation and entails a sense of membership in the relevant professional group

Answer 60

ethical comportment

Question 61

it is socially embedded, lived, and embodied in practices, ways of being, and responses to a clinical situation that promote the well-being of the patient

Answer 61

ethical comportment

Question 62

means "interpretative"

Answer 62

Hermeneutics

Question 63

the term derives from biblical and judicial exegesis

Answer 63

Hermeneutics

Question 64

describing and studying "meaningful human phenomena in a careful and detailed manner as free as possible from prior theoretical assumptions, based instead on practical understanding"

Answer 64

Hermeneutics

Question 65

address the development of senses, esthetics, perceptual activities, relational skills, knowledge and dispositions that take place as students nurses from professional identity

Answer 65

formation

Question 66

was identified as the signature pedagogy in nursing from the Educating Nurses study

Answer 66

Situated Coaching

Question 67

the teacher describes his or her understanding of the situation for students, including what is percieved as most relevant and salient

Answer 67

situated coaching

Question 68

enables students to learn to make qualitative distinctions and recognize trends and changes in the patient's responses

Answer 68

situated coaching

Question 69

it was an interpretive, desciptive study that led to the use of Dreyfus' five levels of competency to describe skill acquisition in clinical nursing practice

Answer 69

From Novice to Expert

Question 70

Benner proposed seven domains of nursing practice which are as follows:

Answer 70

1. the helping role 2. the teaching-coaching function 3. the diagnostic and patient-monitoring function 4. effective management of rapidly changing situations 5. administering and monitoring therapeutic interventions and regimens 6. monitoring and ensuring the quality of health care practices 7. organizational and work-role competencies

Question 71

includes competencies related to establishing a healing relationship, prviding comfort measures, and inviting active patient participation and control in care

Answer 71

the helping role domain

Question 72

includes timing, readying patients for learning, motivating, change, assisting with lifestyle alterations, and negotiating agreement on goals

Answer 72

the teaching-coaching function domain

Question 73

competencies in ongoing assessment and anticipation of outcomes

Answer 73

the diagnostic and patient-monitoring function domain

Question 74

the ability to contingently match demands with resources and to assess and manage care during crisis situations

Answer 74

effective management of rapidly changing situations domain

Question 75

competencies related to preventing complications during drug therapy, wound management and hospitalization

Answer 75

administering and monitoring therapeutic interventions and regimens domain

Question 76

competencies with regard to maintenance of safety, continuous quality improvement, collaboration and consultation with physicians, self-evaluation, a management of technology

Answer 76

monitoring and ensuring the quality of health care practices domain

Question 77

includes competencies in priority setting, team building, coordinating, and providing for contuinity

Answer 77

organizational and work-role competencies domain

Question 78

aspects of practical knowledge:

Answer 78

qualitative distinctions maxims assumptions, expectations and sets common meanings paradigm cases exemplars unplanned practices

Question 79

three areas that underlie all intelligent behavior

Answer 79

1. the role of the body in organizing and unifying our experience of objects 2. the role of situation in providing a background against which behavior can be orderly without being rule-like 3. the role of human purposes and needs in organizing the situation so that objects are recognized as relevant and accessible

Question 81

According to Benner, clinical nursing requires

Answer 81

theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge

Question 82

theoretical knowledge can be acquired in

Answer 82

an abstract fashion through reading, observing or discussing

Question 83

practical knowledge requires

Answer 83

experience in a situation because it is contextual and transactional

Question 84

perceptual, recognitional clinical judgement that refers to accurate detection of minute alterations that cannot be qualified and that are often context dependent

Answer 84

qualitative distinctions

Question 85

knowledge from past experience that helps orient and provide a frame of reference for anticipatory guidance along typical trajectory

Answer 85

assumptions, expectations and sets

Question 86

are often taken for granted, tacit beliefs that something is true

Answer 86

assumptions

Question 87

are notions that something can be reasonably anticipated following a certain scenario

Answer 87

expectations

Question 88

are inclination or tendencies to respond to anticipated situations

Answer 88

sets

Question 89

shared, taken for granted, background knowledge of a cultural group that is transmitted in implicit ways

Answer 89

common meanings

Question 90

clinical experiences that stand out in one's memory as having made a significant impact on the nurse's future practice and profoundly alter perceptions and future understanding

Answer 90

paradigm cases

Question 91

robust clinical examples that convey more than one intent, meaning, or outcome and can be readily translated to other clinical situations that may be quite different.

Answer 91

exemplars

Question 92

knowledge that develops as the practice of nursing expands into new areas

Answer 92

unplanned practices

Question 93

aspects of clinical judgment definition and skill comportment

Answer 93

reasoning in transition skilled know-how response-based practice agency perceptual acuity and involvement links between clinical and ethical reasoning

Question 94

Benner describes Nursing as

Answer 94

a caring relationship, an "enabling condition of connection and concern"

Question 95

four major aspects of understanding that the person must deal with

Answer 95

the role of the situation the role of the body the role of personal concerns the role of temporality