Patomorpho koekyssät, 3. sarja Flashcards by Anne Lodders

4 final phases of disease

-Full recovery
-Incomplete recovery
-Necrosis
-Lethal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Full recovery meaning?

All changes caused by disease heal fully without adverse effects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Incomplete recovery means?

Condition is healed, some changes stay, that can cause relapse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Necrosis means?

Some body parts die, but rest of the organism survives

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lethal disease, different deaths

Disease results in death

-Cardiac death
-Asphyxia
-Brain death
-Exsangionation
-Inanition death (extreme starvation)

Usually several are combined

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two types of necrosis

Dry or coagulative (calcification, mummification)
Wet or liquefactive (pus)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is dry necrosis?

Coagulation of cell proteins, dehydration of dead tissue

Tissue is thick, dry, yellow, or clayish

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Four types of dry necrosis

-Dry gangrene (frost bites)
-Caseous necrosis
-Gas gangrene
-Waxy necrosis (rare)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two types of wet necrosis

-Liquefactive necrosis - in moist tissue
-Moist gangrene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Outcome of necrosis (4)

Necrosis may get:
-organised (necrotic foci)
-encapsulated (cyst or caverna)
-calficified (caseous necrosis)
-mutilated (breaks off)

Dead tissue is replaced by a scar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is exudative inflammation?

Inflammation where inflammatory and blood components exude from blood vessels into tissues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In what types of organs does exudative inflammation happen?

In organs that have a well-developed vascular system or organs that contain plenty of fluids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does the exudative inflammation progress?

First there is serous exudate
Later fibrinogen will also migrate and they form fibrinous exudate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Different exudative inflammation types

Serous inflammation
Catarrhal inflammation
Purulent inflammation
Necrotizing inflammation
Hemorraginc inflammation

Mixed forms can happen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is serous inflammation

-Least severe type of exudative inflammation
-Exudate is similar to blood serum
-Occurs mostly in serous layers
-Can be acute or chronic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is catarrhal inflammation?

-Occurs only on mucous membranes
-Always contains mucus and detached epithelial cells + serous fluid and leukocytes

What is purulent inflammation?

-Defining characteristic is purulent exudate or pus
-Lots of leukocytes –> degenerate and become pus substance
-Pus has two main components: pus substance and pus serum

Endocarditis: commonly found in which species and from what cause?

Commonly found in pigs
Results from bacterial septicemia

Lesions in endocarditis

Often large by the time of death
Lesions start in valves but can spread to surrounding tissues

Fibrin forms large, adhering, friable, yellow-to-gray masses, “vegetations”
Chronic lesions produce masses called “verrucae”

Something about myocarditis

Inflammation of the heart muscle

Interstitial myocarditis = inflammatory increase of interstitial connective tissue

In chronic myocarditis, chordae tendinae can thicken

Three types of pericarditis:

-Fibrinous pericarditis
-Suppurative pericarditis
-Constrictive pericarditis

What causes fibrinous pericarditis?

Bacterial septicaemias

What happens in fibrinous pericarditis

Visceral and parietal pericardial surfaces are covered by yellow fibrin deposits

Layers might adhere together - when separated –> “bread and butter” heart

What causes suppurative pericarditis?

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis in cattle

What is Erysipelas?

Bacterial infection of upper dermis of skin of pigs, "diamond skin disease"

What causes erysipelas (agent)?

Erysipelothrix rhysiopathiae

What is erysipelas a result of?

Sepsis Bacteria from blood embolize to the skin

What are the lesions like in erysipelas?

Firm, raised pink lesions caused by vasculitis Hyperemia and red-purple skin

Best time for necropsy

Immediately after death (post mortem changes might obscure findings) If you cannot examine immediately, cool the cadaver and store in freezer

What should the place of necropsy have?

Adequate light, water, ventilation, drainage, disposal, protection to surroundings

What should you do if you suspect the carcass has a transmissible, exotic, or zoonotic disease?

Necropsy should be done in a laboratory

What should you take into account if you do a necropsy in the field?

The place should be away from sources of feed, forage, and water for the rest of the herd

What should you look at first when examining the thorax?

Do the lungs collapse (emphysema)

(Necropsy of thorax) After checking for emphysema, what will you do?

Sternum is dissected and flexed upwards

What should you take into accound when doing a necropsy to a newborn animal?

Check if there is air in the lungs If there is - animal was alive when born