Patients and Providers Flashcards
Disparities in Health and Healthcare
Differences in health and healthcare between social groups that arise due to broader inequalities
List common health barriers for sexual minority groups. What is the result?
Less likely to access due to stigma/discrimination. More likely to experiences human rights violations, denial of care, discriminatory attitudes, and inapporpriate pathologizing.
Result: higher rates of adverse physical and mental health outcomes
Racial and Ethnic disparities in healthcare - hint: emergency. Explain
Racial and ethnic minorities receive care in emergency settings at a disproportionately higher rate than the racial/ethnic majority.
Reason: racial and ethnic minorities utilize routine, preventative care at lower rates than the majority
Cost of routine vs emergency care
$ of emergency care > $ of routine care
Minority groups and rate of follow-up
Lower rates of follow-up medical care then the majority
Effect of Patient Consumerism
Creates a more active role for patients in the healthcare process
Provider Qualities that affect Pt-Provider Communication (5)
Inattentiveness, use of jargon, baby talk, depersonalization, and stereotyping
How many people in the US report speaking a non-English language at home (2019)?
66 million
Effects of language barrier in pt-provider communication
Misunderstanding of patients’ concerns, poor patient compliance, misdiagnosis, unnecessary testing, and poor patient satisfaction (and thus lower rates of follow-up as a result).
Patient attributes that affect pt-provider communication
Health literacy, attitudes towards symptoms (embarassment, concerns about possible severity of illness and treatment), assumed responsibility, neuroticism/anxiety, and intelligence
Types of Non-adherence due to miscommunication between patiend and provider
Fulfillment, non-persistence, non-conforming
Fulfillment type of non-adherence (pt-provider miscommunication)
Prescription is never filled or initiated by the patient
Non-persistence type of non-adherence (pt-provider miscommunication)
Patient decides to stop taking medication. Rarely intentional - usually due to miscommunication of the therapeutic plan
Non-conforming type of non-adherence (pt-provider miscommunication)
Medication is not taken as prescribed, e.g. skipping doses, taking incorrect amount or at the wrong time
Components of healthcare professional BURNOUT
Emotional exhaustion, cynicism, low sense of efficacy in one’s job
Two examples of realtively high-rate-of-burnout healthcare fields
ER medicine and terminal care. Especially nurses
___% of physicians surveryed reported at least one symptom of burnout between 2021 and 2022, and increase from ___% in 2017
63% in 21/22; 44% in 2017
*Impacts of burnout
Worse patient care, outcomes, and satisfaction. Reduced physician productivity. Poor physician health. See slide 22 in Patients and Providers for specific examples
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). Def and Ex’s
Healthcare practices that are not rooted in science of evidence of success, rather, they are rooted in beliefs.
Ex: prayer, potions, herb products, yoga, massage, homeopathic medicines, and acupuncture
CAM - Dietary supplements
Contain nutrients in amounts that are as high or higher than daily recommended amounts. Use of supplements is not scientifically related to improved health
CAM - Prayer
Classified as a mind-body intervention
CAM - acupuncture
Insertion of long needles into specific parts of the body that are believed to be associated with the patient’s specific type of ailment or distress. Often used in an attempt to control pain
CAM - Hypnosis (name 3 examples of areas where positive impacts have been seen)
Induces a state of focused attention and relaxation, usually done with the help fo a trained therapist. Has proven acceptable efficacy in depression, sleep problems, and smoking cessation
CAM - Guided imagery
Practice of guided imagery can alleviate stress, induce relaxation, and reduce pain
CAM - Reiki
Japanese form of energy healing/relaxation/stress-reduction in which the practitioner places hands directly on or above the patient to direct energy
CAM - Magnetic field therapy
Placement of small magnets over the entire body to help boost overall health
CAM - Qigong
Part of traditional Chinese medicine; coordinated exercises to optimize energy within the mind, body, and spirit. Believed to improve fitness and reduce anxiety and depression
Placebo
Any medical procedure that produces an effect in a patient because of its therapeutic intent, not its specific action
Nocebo effects
Refers to the fact that info about potential adverse effects of a condition or treatment may help produce those adverse effects
Placebo effect and the impact of physician attitude
Positive health changes that occur due to distinctive psychological mechanisms. Enhanced whenthe prescribing/acting physician shows faith in the Tx
