Death, Dying, and Terminal Illness Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Brain and Cortical Death

A

No longer any brain function or electrical activity in the brain cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical Death

A

Heart stops beating or breathing stops for 10 min of more without intervention from another person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychic Death

A

Loss of consciousness, but heart continues to beat normally until they die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Social Death

A

Cease of interaction with others because they don’t want to be around others anymore or because others have stopped interacting with them socially for any reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

*Age-based understanding of death

A

Under 3 YO: children don’t have the cognitive and linguistic ability to understand

3-5 YO: Children understand death means that someone is gone, but struggle to understand permanence

5-7 YO: Most understand that death is final but it is not understood biologically

7-9 YO: Most understand that death is final and irreversible; interested in the cause and may believe that thoughts can cause death

9+ YO: Approximate time that death is understood in similar ways to that of adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Life expectancy

A

An estimate of the average age that members of a particular population group will be when they die

See slide 7 and list out trends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trend in child and adolescent mortality rates in US between 2019 and 2021. Why?

A

20% increase - largest increase in the last 50 years.

Reason: homicide, accidental drug OD, MVAs, suicide (ages 10-19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Top three leading causes of death in all ages in the US (2020)

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Malignant neoplasms
  3. COVID-19
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Top three leading causes of death in ages 18-25 yo (2020)

A
  1. Unintentional injury
  2. Homicide
  3. Suicide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Indirect death impacts of COVID-19

A

Increases in mortality due to social isolations and reductions in access to and use of healthcare services. Increases in stress, depression, and substance-use —> increases in suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cultural factors that influence perspective of death

A

Values, religion, personal beliefs, community traditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Common factors of an acceptable or “good” death (4)

A
  • Non-dramatic, disciplined, very little emotion
  • Allows for social adjustments and personal preparation
  • Not too early
  • One dies in the service of their country or religion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Premature death and 2 common causes

A

Dying before the average age of 79

Commonly due to heart attack or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trend in premature deaths - Why?

A

Declining rate of premature dues mainly due to decreases in lung cancer rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Euthanasia

A

Ending a person’s life who is in pain or suffering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Impact of long-term treatment of chronic illness on psychological well-being

A

Often extremely taxing and has high psychological costs

17
Q

Living Will

A

Document that details a person’s procedures and decisions that should be enacted if they incapacitated and unable to make a judgement in a timely fashion

18
Q

*Kubler Ross’ Stages of Death Theory

A

People spend varying times in each stage of grief. Can refer to one’s own death or a loved one

Shock, Denial, Frustration, Depression, Experiment, Decision, Integration

19
Q

Criticisms of Kubler Ross’ Theory

A

Procession from one reaction to another is often not in an orderly fashion.

Implies that the bereaved individual has to reach the end in order to achieve “acceptance”

20
Q

*Stroeb and Schuts Dual-Process Model of Grief

A

Oscillation between loss-oriented behaviors (direct) and restoration-oriented behaviors (indirect)

21
Q

*Bolby and Parker’s Four Phases of Grief

A

Based on research of children’s reactions to being separated from their caregivers

Phases: shock and disbelief, searching and yearning, disorganization and repair, rebuilding and healing

22
Q

__ in __ Americans who die each year die in a hospital

A

1 in 3

23
Q

Hospital staff members’ role in patients’ deaths

A

Depersonalized, yet full of experience - offers a unique perspective that family members often cannot

24
Q

Risks of terminal care for hospital staff (4)

A
  1. Difficult for staff b/c care is often palliative not curative
  2. Involves unpleasant custodial work like feeding, changing, and bathing the patient
  3. Burnout from watching their patients die
  4. Possible temptation to work in efficient, objective ways and not be warm/supportive to minimize their personal pain
25
Q

Palliative care

A

With terminal illness, this kind of care is designed for comfort, not curative measures

26
Q

Thanatologist

A

Those who study death and dying

27
Q

Guidelines for terminal care

A

Informed consent, safe conduct, significant survival, anticipatory grief, timely and appropriate death

28
Q

Hospice Care

A

May be residential or home-based. Aimed at providing warmth and emotional support to terminally ill patients

29
Q

Home Care

A

Run by family members. Similar goals to hospice care (warmth and emotional support), but more cost effective. Con: can be a large emotional burden for family members